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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_____________________
FORM 10-Q
_____________________
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________
Commission File Number: 001-39035
10x Genomics, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware | 45-5614458
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
6230 Stoneridge Mall Road |
Pleasanton, California | 94588
(Address of principle executive offices) | (Zip Code)

(925) 401-7300
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
_____________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, par value $0.00001 per share |  | TXG |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of July 31, 2023, the registrant had 103,361,382 shares of Class A common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, outstanding and 14,056,833 shares of Class B common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents
Table of Contents

|  | Page
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 7
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 19
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 25
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 25
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION | 26
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 26
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 26
Item 5. | Other Information | 26
Item 6. | Exhibits | 27
| Signatures | 28

Table of Contents
10x Genomics, Inc.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 as contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. All statements included in this Quarterly Report, other than statements of historical facts, may be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” "might," “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “contemplate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “would,” “likely,” “seek” or “continue” or the negatives of these terms or variations of them or similar terminology, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. These forward-looking statements include statements regarding 10x Genomics, Inc.’s expectations regarding our plans, objectives, goals, beliefs, business strategies, results of operations, financial position, sufficiency of our capital resources, business outlook, future events, business conditions, key factors affecting our performance, gross margin trends including the potential impacts of changes in product mix, average selling prices of our products and opportunities for cost reductions, expected future investments including anticipated capital expenditures, anticipated size of market opportunities and our ability to capture them, expected uses, performance and benefits of our products and services, business trends and the impact of macroeconomic conditions, including inflation and rising interest rates. These statements are based on management’s current expectations, forecasts, beliefs, assumptions and information currently available to management, and actual outcomes and results could differ materially from these statements due to a number of factors.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those described in the section titled “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report and Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“Annual Report”). Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report. We cannot assure you that the results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. For a more detailed discussion of the risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ, please refer to the “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report and this Quarterly Report, as such risk factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Our periodic filings are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
The forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot provide any assurance that these expectations will prove to be correct nor can we guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make. Further, our forward-looking statements may not accurately or fully reflect the potential impact of adverse geopolitical and macroeconomic events, international economic, political, legal compliance, social and business factors such as inflation and supply chain interruptions may have on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.
Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise indicates, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” “10x” and similar references refer to 10x Genomics, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
1

Table of Contents
Channels for Disclosure of Information
Investors and others should note that we may announce material information to the public through filings with the SEC, our website (https://www.10xGenomics.com), press releases, public conference calls, public webcasts and our social media accounts, (https://twitter.com/10xGenomics, https://www.facebook.com/10xGenomics and
https://www.linkedin.com/company/10xgenomics). We use these channels to communicate with our customers and the public about the Company, our products, our services and other matters. We encourage our investors, the media and others to review the information disclosed through such channels as such information could be deemed to be material information. The information on such channels, including on our website and our social media accounts, is not incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any other filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing. Please note that this list of disclosure channels may be updated from time to time.
2

Table of Contents
10x Genomics, Inc.
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
10x Genomics, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands)

| June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| (Unaudited) |  | (Note 1)
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 325,879 |  |  | $ | 219,746 |
Marketable securities | 65,506 |  |  | 210,238 |
Restricted cash | 1,500 |  |  | 2,633 |
Accounts receivable, net | 87,685 |  |  | 104,211 |
Inventory | 83,687 |  |  | 81,629 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 18,683 |  |  | 16,578 |
Total current assets | 582,940 |  |  | 635,035 |
Property and equipment, net | 284,913 |  |  | 289,328 |
Restricted cash | 3,474 |  |  | 4,974 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 71,049 |  |  | 69,882 |
Goodwill | 4,511 |  |  | 4,511 |
Intangible assets, net | 22,290 |  |  | 22,858 |
Other noncurrent assets | 20,461 |  |  | 2,392 |
Total assets | $ | 989,638 |  |  | $ | 1,028,980 |
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 23,124 |  |  | $ | 21,599 |
Accrued compensation and related benefits | 22,372 |  |  | 32,675 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 34,088 |  |  | 59,779 |
Deferred revenue | 9,217 |  |  | 7,867 |
Operating lease liabilities | 9,286 |  |  | 9,037 |
Total current liabilities | 98,087 |  |  | 130,957 |
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent | 90,331 |  |  | 86,139 |
Other noncurrent liabilities | 7,919 |  |  | 6,141 |
Total liabilities | 196,337 |  |  | 223,237 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 4) |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock | — |  |  | — |
Common stock | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Additional paid-in capital | 1,936,750 |  |  | 1,839,397 |
Accumulated deficit | (1,142,482) |  |  | (1,029,321) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (969) |  |  | (4,335) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 793,301 |  |  | 805,743 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 989,638 |  |  | $ | 1,028,980 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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10x Genomics, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Revenue | $ | 146,819 |  |  | $ | 114,609 |  |  | $ | 281,104 |  |  | $ | 229,105 |
Cost of revenue | 47,207 |  |  | 27,704 |  |  | 83,102 |  |  | 53,182 |
Gross profit | 99,612 |  |  | 86,905 |  |  | 198,002 |  |  | 175,923 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 71,460 |  |  | 70,685 |  |  | 138,558 |  |  | 134,763 |
Selling, general and administrative | 91,510 |  |  | 79,337 |  |  | 174,790 |  |  | 146,012 |
Total operating expenses | 162,970 |  |  | 150,022 |  |  | 313,348 |  |  | 280,775 |
Loss from operations | (63,358) |  |  | (63,117) |  |  | (115,346) |  |  | (104,852) |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 4,100 |  |  | 1,238 |  |  | 7,969 |  |  | 1,807 |
Interest expense | (5) |  |  | (109) |  |  | (24) |  |  | (237) |
Other expense, net | (1,504) |  |  | (1,843) |  |  | (3,020) |  |  | (2,243) |
Total other income (expense) | 2,591 |  |  | (714) |  |  | 4,925 |  |  | (673) |
Loss before provision for income taxes | (60,767) |  |  | (63,831) |  |  | (110,421) |  |  | (105,525) |
Provision for income taxes | 1,647 |  |  | 627 |  |  | 2,740 |  |  | 1,346 |
Net loss | $ | (62,414) |  |  | $ | (64,458) |  |  | $ | (113,161) |  |  | $ | (106,871) |
Net loss per share, basic and diluted | $ | (0.53) |  |  | $ | (0.57) |  |  | $ | (0.97) |  |  | $ | (0.94) |
Weighted-average shares of common stock used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted | 116,707,672 |  |  | 113,574,757 |  |  | 116,166,776 |  |  | 113,272,158 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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10x Genomics, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net loss | $ | (62,414) |  |  | $ | (64,458) |  |  | $ | (113,161) |  |  | $ | (106,871) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale marketable securities | 379 |  |  | (1,326) |  |  | 1,496 |  |  | (3,729) |
Realized loss on available-for-sale marketable securities reclassified into net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,715 |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 131 |  |  | (196) |  |  | 155 |  |  | (258) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 510 |  |  | (1,522) |  |  | 3,366 |  |  | (3,987) |
Comprehensive loss | $ | (61,904) |  |  | $ | (65,980) |  |  | $ | (109,795) |  |  | $ | (110,858) |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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10x Genomics, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share data)

|  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 |  | 115,195,009 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 1,839,397 |  |  | $ | (1,029,321) |  |  | $ | (4,335) |  |  | $ | 805,743 |
Issuance of Class A common stock related to equity awards |  | 978,333 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,400 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,400 |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42,133 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42,133 |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (50,747) |  |  | — |  |  | (50,747) |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,856 |  |  | 2,856 |
Balance as of March 31, 2023 |  | 116,173,342 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1,883,930 |  |  | (1,080,068) |  |  | (1,479) |  |  | 802,385 |
Issuance of Class A common stock related to equity awards |  | 1,150,093 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,096 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,096 |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,724 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,724 |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (62,414) |  |  | — |  |  | (62,414) |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 510 |  |  | 510 |
Balance as of June 30, 2023 |  | 117,323,435 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 1,936,750 |  |  | $ | (1,142,482) |  |  | $ | (969) |  |  | $ | 793,301 |

|  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 |  | 112,514,977 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 1,680,865 |  |  | $ | (863,321) |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 817,568 |
Issuance of Class A common stock related to equity awards |  | 761,373 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,826 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,826 |
Vesting of shares subject to repurchase, including early exercised options |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,137 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,137 |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (42,413) |  |  | — |  |  | (42,413) |
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,465) |  |  | (2,465) |
Balance as of March 31, 2022 |  | 113,276,350 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1,714,860 |  |  | (905,734) |  |  | (2,443) |  |  | 806,685 |
Issuance of Class A common stock related to equity awards |  | 610,447 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,360 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,360 |
Vesting of shares subject to repurchase, including early exercised options |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,419 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,419 |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (64,458) |  |  | — |  |  | (64,458) |
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,522) |  |  | (1,522) |
Balance as of June 30, 2022 |  | 113,886,797 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 1,757,671 |  |  | $ | (970,192) |  |  | $ | (3,965) |  |  | $ | 783,516 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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10x Genomics, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Operating activities: |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (113,161) |  |  | $ | (106,871) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense | 87,797 |  |  | 62,360 |
Depreciation and amortization | 16,423 |  |  | 12,691 |
Amortization of right-of-use assets | 4,070 |  |  | 3,728 |
Lease impairment charges | 2,785 |  |  | — |
Realized loss on marketable securities | 1,715 |  |  | — |
Other | 613 |  |  | 460 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 16,526 |  |  | 9,025 |
Inventory | (2,311) |  |  | (11,101) |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (2,123) |  |  | (5,348) |
Other noncurrent assets | (18,073) |  |  | 115 |
Accounts payable | 1,314 |  |  | 10,262 |
Accrued compensation and other related benefits | (10,313) |  |  | (8,007) |
Deferred revenue | 2,885 |  |  | 1,667 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 494 |  |  | (4,922) |
Operating lease liability | (4,540) |  |  | (2,181) |
Other noncurrent liabilities | 248 |  |  | 357 |
Net cash used in operating activities | (15,651) |  |  | (37,765) |
Investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment | (29,915) |  |  | (55,355) |
Purchase of intangible assets | (723) |  |  | — |
Purchase of marketable securities | — |  |  | (271,547) |
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities | 94,947 |  |  | 32,693 |
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities | 51,185 |  |  | 9,124 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 115,494 |  |  | (285,085) |
Financing activities: |  |  |
Payments on financing arrangement | (5,814) |  |  | (5,409) |
Issuance of common stock from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan purchases | 9,496 |  |  | 14,186 |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 3,682 |  |  | 8,777 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (25) |  |  | (210) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 103,500 |  |  | (314,283) |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period | 227,353 |  |  | 596,073 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 330,853 |  |  | $ | 281,790 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 436 |  |  | $ | 841 |
Cash paid for taxes | $ | 3,852 |  |  | $ | 3,319 |
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 9,317 |  |  | $ | 26,679 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | $ | 6,893 |  |  | $ | 16,562 |
Contingent consideration payable from business acquisition | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,500 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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10x Genomics, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
o
1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
Organization and Description of Business
10x Genomics, Inc. (the “Company”) is a life sciences technology company focused on building innovative products and solutions to interrogate, understand and master biological systems at resolution and scale that matches the complexity of biology. The Company’s integrated solutions include the Company’s Chromium X Series and Chromium Connect instruments, which the Company refers to as “Chromium instruments,” the Company's Visium CytAssist and Xenium Analyzer instruments, which the Company refers to as “Spatial instruments,” and the Company’s proprietary microfluidic chips, slides, reagents and other consumables for the Company's Chromium, Visium and Xenium solutions, which the Company refers to as “consumables.” The Company bundles its software with these products to guide customers through the workflow, from sample preparation through analysis and visualization. The Company was incorporated in the state of Delaware in July 2012 and began commercial and manufacturing operations and selling its instruments and consumables in 2015. The Company is headquartered in Pleasanton, California and has wholly-owned subsidiaries in Asia, Europe and North America.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, which include the Company’s accounts and the accounts of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The condensed consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2022 have been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company at that date. Certain information and footnote disclosures typically included in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to state fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss and cash flows for the periods presented, but are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be anticipated for any future annual or interim period. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 16, 2023 (our "Annual Report").
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
There were no material changes in the Company's significant accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2023. See Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report for information regarding the Company's significant accounting policies.
Revenue Recognition
The Company generates revenue from sales of products and services, and its products consist of instruments and consumables. Revenue from product sales is recognized when control of the product is transferred, which is generally upon shipment to the customer. Instrument service agreements, which relate to extended warranties, are typically entered into for one-year terms, following the expiration of the standard one-year warranty period. Revenue for extended warranties is recognized ratably over the term of the extended warranty period as a stand ready performance obligation. Revenue is recorded net of discounts, distributor commissions and sales taxes collected on behalf of governmental authorities. Customers are invoiced generally upon shipment, or upon order for services, and payment is typically due within 45 days. Cash received from customers in advance of product shipment or providing services is recorded as a contract liability. The Company’s contracts with its customers generally do not include rights of return or a significant financing component.
The Company regularly enters into contracts that include various combinations of products and services which are generally distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation in proportion to its standalone selling price. The Company determines standalone selling price using average selling
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10x Genomics, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
prices with consideration of current market conditions. If the product or service has no history of sales or if the sales volume is not sufficient, the Company relies upon prices set by management, adjusted for applicable discounts.
Net Loss Per Share
Net loss per share is computed using the two-class method required for multiple classes of common stock and participating securities. The rights, including the liquidation and dividend rights and sharing of losses, of the Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, other than voting rights. As the liquidation and dividend rights and sharing of losses are identical, the undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportionate basis and the resulting net loss per share will, therefore, be the same for both Class A and Class B common stock on an individual or combined basis.
Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, adjusted for outstanding shares that are subject to repurchase.
For the calculation of diluted net loss per share, basic net loss per share is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities including awards under the Company’s equity compensation plans. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding. For periods in which the Company reports net losses, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share because potentially dilutive shares of common stock are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive.
3. Other Financial Statement Information
Available-for-sale Securities
Available-for-sale securities consisted of the following (in thousands):

| June 30, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |  |
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value Measurement
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 315,407 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 315,407 |  |  |  | $ | 163,184 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 163,184 |  |  | Level 1
Marketable securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | 20,209 |  |  | — |  |  | (234) |  |  | 19,975 |  |  |  | 153,794 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (2,768) |  |  | 151,030 |  |  | Level 2
Government debt securities | 42,611 |  |  | — |  |  | (623) |  |  | 41,988 |  |  |  | 54,136 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,247) |  |  | 52,889 |  |  | Level 2
Asset-backed securities | 3,591 |  |  | — |  |  | (48) |  |  | 3,543 |  |  |  | 6,424 |  |  | — |  |  | (105) |  |  | 6,319 |  |  | Level 2
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 381,818 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (905) |  |  | $ | 380,913 |  |  |  | $ | 377,538 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (4,120) |  |  | $ | 373,422 |  |  |

The contractual maturities of marketable securities as of June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

|  | Fair Value
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 59,716 |
Due after one year to five years |  | 5,790 |
Total marketable securities |  | $ | 65,506 |

The Company incurred no material gross realized gains or losses from available-for-sales debt securities during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and three and six months ended June 30, 2022. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company incurred gross realized losses of $1.7 million and no gross realized gains from the sale of available-for-sales debt
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10x Genomics, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
securities. Realized gains (losses) on the sale of marketable securities are recorded in “Other expense, net” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The available-for-sale debt securities are subject to a periodic impairment review. For investments in an unrealized loss position, the Company determines whether a credit loss exists by considering information about the collectability of the instrument, current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions. The Company recognizes an allowance for credit losses, up to the amount of the unrealized loss when appropriate, and writes down the amortized cost basis of the investment if it is more likely than not that the Company will be required or will intend to sell the investment before recovery of its amortized cost basis. Allowances for credit losses and write-downs are recognized in “Other expense, net,” and unrealized losses not related to credit losses are recognized in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss.” There are no allowances for credit losses for the periods presented. As of June 30, 2023, the gross unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities are related to market interest rate changes and not attributable to credit.
Inventory
Inventory was comprised of the following (in thousands):

| June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Purchased materials | $ | 37,942 |  |  | $ | 34,497 |
Work in progress | 24,098 |  |  | 24,650 |
Finished goods | 21,647 |  |  | 22,482 |
Inventory | $ | 83,687 |  |  | $ | 81,629 |

Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

| June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Land | $ | 36,801 |  |  | $ | 36,780 |
Building | 137,167 |  |  | — |
Laboratory equipment and machinery | 63,180 |  |  | 54,658 |
Computer equipment and software | 15,862 |  |  | 12,565 |
Furniture and fixtures | 10,847 |  |  | 9,642 |
Leasehold improvements | 92,783 |  |  | 91,518 |
Construction in progress | 13,801 |  |  | 152,995 |
Total property and equipment | 370,441 |  |  | 358,158 |
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization | (85,528) |  |  | (68,830) |
Property and equipment, net | $ | 284,913 |  |  | $ | 289,328 |

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10x Genomics, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Accrued Compensation and Related Benefits
Accrued compensation and related benefits were comprised of the following as of the dates indicated (in thousands):

| June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Accrued payroll and related costs | $ | 2,965 |  |  | $ | 2,052 |
Accrued bonus | 10,770 |  |  | 17,081 |
Accrued commissions | 5,286 |  |  | 5,143 |
Accrued acquisition-related compensation | — |  |  | 5,470 |
Other | 3,351 |  |  | 2,929 |
Accrued compensation and related benefits | $ | 22,372 |  |  | $ | 32,675 |

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities were comprised of the following as of the dates indicated (in thousands):

| June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Accrued legal and related costs | $ | 3,884 |  |  | $ | 3,102 |
Accrued license fee | — |  |  | 6,231 |
Accrued royalties for licensed technologies | 4,942 |  |  | 4,707 |
Accrued property and equipment | 9,094 |  |  | 26,750 |
Accrued professional services | 6,579 |  |  | 5,180 |
Product warranties | 3,941 |  |  | 3,023 |
Taxes payable | 2,323 |  |  | 4,079 |
Other | 3,325 |  |  | 6,707 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 34,088 |  |  | $ | 59,779 |

Product Warranties
Changes in the reserve for product warranties were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Beginning of period | $ | 3,023 |  |  | $ | 994 |
Amounts charged to cost of revenue | 3,833 |  |  | 1,983 |
Repairs and replacements | (2,915) |  |  | (1,547) |
End of period | $ | 3,941 |  |  | $ | 1,430 |

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10x Genomics, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Revenue and Deferred Revenue
As of June 30, 2023, the aggregate amount of remaining performance obligations related to separately sold extended warranty service agreements, or allocated amounts for extended warranty service agreements bundled with sales of instruments, was $13.9 million, of which approximately $9.2 million is expected to be recognized to revenue in the next 12 months, with the remainder thereafter. The contract liabilities of $13.9 million and $11.0 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, consisted of deferred revenue related to extended warranty service agreements.
The following revenue recognized for the periods were included in contract liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Deferred revenue recognized | $ | 1,856 |  |  | $ | 1,294 |  |  | $ | 3,963 |  |  | $ | 2,897 |

The following table represents revenue by source for the periods indicated (in thousands). Spatial products include the Company's Visium and Xenium products:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chromium | $ | 12,859 |  |  | $ | 14,047 |  |  | $ | 24,485 |  |  | $ | 28,373 |
Spatial | 18,096 |  |  | 689 |  |  | 25,646 |  |  | 792 |
Total instruments revenue | 30,955 |  |  | 14,736 |  |  | 50,131 |  |  | 29,165 |
Consumables |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chromium | 100,794 |  |  | 91,048 |  |  | 201,890 |  |  | 182,327 |
Spatial | 11,694 |  |  | 6,886 |  |  | 22,976 |  |  | 13,557 |
Total consumables revenue | 112,488 |  |  | 97,934 |  |  | 224,866 |  |  | 195,884 |
Services | 3,376 |  |  | 1,939 |  |  | 6,107 |  |  | 4,056 |
Total revenue | $ | 146,819 |  |  | $ | 114,609 |  |  | $ | 281,104 |  |  | $ | 229,105 |

The following table presents revenue by geography based on the location of the customer for the periods indicated (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Americas |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 88,394 |  |  | $ | 69,373 |  |  | $ | 164,675 |  |  | $ | 126,814 |
Americas (excluding United States) |  | 3,149 |  |  | 1,515 |  |  | 5,664 |  |  | 3,761 |
Total Americas |  | 91,543 |  |  | 70,888 |  |  | 170,339 |  |  | 130,575 |
Europe, Middle East and Africa |  | 31,246 |  |  | 25,608 |  |  | 59,668 |  |  | 46,140 |
Asia-Pacific |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
China¹ |  | 12,755 |  |  | 9,984 |  |  | 26,786 |  |  | 31,766 |
Asia-Pacific (excluding China) |  | 11,275 |  |  | 8,129 |  |  | 24,311 |  |  | 20,624 |
Total Asia-Pacific |  | 24,030 |  |  | 18,113 |  |  | 51,097 |  |  | 52,390 |
Total Revenue |  | $ | 146,819 |  |  | $ | 114,609 |  |  | $ | 281,104 |  |  | $ | 229,105 |

1 Includes Hong Kong effective from the first quarter of 2023. Comparative periods have been adjusted for this inclusion.
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10x Genomics, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
4. Commitments and Contingencies
Lease Agreements
The Company leases office, laboratory, manufacturing and distribution space in various locations worldwide. On November 6, 2020, the Company entered into a Master Lease Agreement ("MLA"), consisting of various lease components, to lease additional office building space near the Company's Pleasanton, California headquarters. All of the lease components related to the MLA have commenced and the MLA is expected to terminate on June 30, 2033.
Future net lease payments related to the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):

| Operating Leases
2023 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2023) | $ | 6,656 |
2024 | 16,354 |
2025 | 15,259 |
2026 | 16,014 |
2027 | 15,436 |
Thereafter | 56,390 |
Total lease payments | $ | 126,109 |
Less: imputed interest | (26,492) |
Present value of operating lease liabilities | $ | 99,617 |
Operating lease liabilities, current | $ | 9,286 |
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent | 90,331 |
Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 99,617 |

The following table summarizes additional information related to operating leases as of June 30, 2023:

| June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease term | 7.9 years |  | 8.1 years
Weighted-average discount rate | 5.8 | % |  | 5.5 | %

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company made the decision to vacate some of its leased office space for the remaining lease term through 2025 and entered into an agreement to sublease certain portions of the vacated office space. In connection with this decision and based upon the expected cash flow from the sublease, the Company recognized $2.8 million of impairment loss associated with these long-lived assets within selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statement of operations during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
Litigation
The Company is regularly subject to lawsuits, claims, arbitration proceedings, administrative actions and other legal and regulatory proceedings involving intellectual property disputes, commercial disputes, competition and other matters, and the Company may become subject to additional types of lawsuits, claims, arbitration proceedings, administrative actions, government investigations and legal and regulatory proceedings in the future.
NanoString
On May 6, 2021, the Company filed suit against NanoString Technologies, Inc. ("NanoString") in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that NanoString's GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler and associated instruments and reagents infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 10,472,669, 10,662,467, 10,961,566, 10,983,113 and 10,996,219 (the "GeoMx Action"). On May 19, 2021, the Company filed an amended complaint additionally alleging that the GeoMx products infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 11,001,878 and 11,008,607. On May 4, 2022, the Company filed an amended complaint in the GeoMx Action additionally
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10x Genomics, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
alleging that the GeoMx products infringe U.S. Patent No. 11,293,917 and withdrawing the Company's claim of infringement of U.S. Patent No. 10,662,467. The Company seeks, among other relief, injunctive relief and unspecified damages (including attorneys’ fees) in relation to NanoString's making, using, selling, offering to sell, exporting and/or importing in the United States the GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler and associated instruments and reagents. NanoString filed its answer to the GeoMx Action on May 18, 2022. A Markman hearing was held on February 17, 2023 and the Court issued its claim construction order on February 28, 2023. Trial is scheduled for November 2023.
On February 28, 2022, the Company filed a second suit against NanoString in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that NanoString's CosMx Spatial Molecular Imager and associated instruments, reagents and services infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 10,227,639 and 11,021,737 (the "CosMx Action"). On May 12, 2022, the Company filed an amended complaint in the CosMx Action additionally alleging that the CosMx products infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 11,293,051, 11,293,052 and 11,293,054. NanoString filed its answer to the CosMx Action on May 26, 2022. On March 1, 2023, the Company filed a second amended complaint additionally alleging that the CosMx products infringe U.S. Patent No. 11,542,554. The Company seeks, among other relief, injunctive relief and unspecified damages (including attorneys’ fees) in relation to NanoString's making, using, selling, offering to sell, exporting and/or importing in the United States the CosMx Spatial Molecular Imager and associated instruments, reagents and services. NanoString filed its answer to the second amended complaint on March 22, 2023. Discovery is in progress. A Markman hearing is scheduled for December 2023 and trial is scheduled for September 2024.
On August 16, 2022, NanoString filed a counterclaim in the CosMx Action alleging that the Company's Visium products infringe U.S. Patent No. 11,377,689. The Company filed its answer to NanoString's counterclaim in the CosMx Action on August 30, 2022. On November 23, 2022, the Company moved to sever claims relating to NanoString’s assertion of U.S. Patent No. 11,377,689 and consolidate those claims with the patent case NanoString filed against the Company on October 20, 2022 (discussed below). On January 24, 2023, the Court granted the Company's motion.
On April 27, 2023, NanoString filed a motion in the CosMx Action to add antitrust, unfair competition and contract counterclaims. NanoString seeks, among other relief, injunctive relief (including that the Company grant NanoString a license to the patents that the Company asserted against NanoString in the CosMx Action) and unspecified damages (including attorney's fees). On July 10, 2023, the Court denied NanoString’s motion to add a contract counterclaim but otherwise granted the motion. On May 24, 2023, NanoString filed a motion to bifurcate its amended counterclaims and a motion for expedited discovery. On June 6, 2023, the Court denied NanoString’s motion to bifurcate and granted its motion for expedited discovery. The Company believes NanoString’s claims are meritless and intends to vigorously defend itself.
On October 20, 2022, NanoString filed suit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that the Company's Visium products infringe U.S. Patent No. 11,473,142, a continuation of U.S. Patent No. 11,377,689 (the "NanoString Action"). NanoString seeks, among other relief, injunctive relief and unspecified damages (including attorneys’ fees) in relation to the Company's making, using, selling, offering to sell, exporting and/or importing in the United States Visium products and associated instruments, reagents and services. On January 24, 2023, the Court severed NanoString’s claims with respect to U.S. Patent No. 11,377,689 from the CosMx Action and consolidated those claims with this action. Discovery is in progress. NanoString filed an amended complaint on January 27, 2023. The Company filed an answer to the NanoString Action on February 10, 2023. A Markman hearing is scheduled for December 2023 and trial is scheduled for December 2024. The Company believes NanoString's claims in the NanoString Action are meritless and intends to vigorously defend itself.
On March 9, 2022, the Company filed suit in the Munich Regional Court in Germany alleging that NanoString's CosMx Spatial Molecular Imager and associated instruments, reagents and services infringe EP Patent No. 2794928B1 (the "EP928 Patent") (the "Germany CosMx Action"). A hearing on infringement was held on March 23, 2023. On May 17, 2023, the Munich Regional Court found that the CosMx products infringe the EP928 patent and issued a permanent injunction requiring NanoString to stop selling and supplying CosMx instruments and reagents for RNA detection in Germany. The injunction took effect on June 1, 2023. On May 25, 2023, NanoString filed an appeal of the German CosMx Action in the Munich Higher Regional Court. A hearing date has not yet been set for this appeal. On July 29, 2022, NanoString filed a nullity action with the German Federal Patent Court challenging the validity of the EP928 Patent. On February 10, 2023, the Federal Patent Court issued a preliminary opinion upholding the validity of certain claims of the EP928 Patent directed to in situ analysis. A hearing on validity is scheduled before the Federal Patent Court in May 2024 and a decision is expected around the end of 2024.
On June 1, 2023, the Company filed suit in the Munich Local Division of the Unified Patent Court (“UPC”) alleging that NanoString's CosMx Spatial Molecular Imager and associated instruments, reagents and services infringe the EP928 patent and EP Patent No. 4108782 (the “EP782 patent”) (the “UPC CosMx Actions”). In the UPC CosMx Actions, the Company seeks
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10x Genomics, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
preliminary injunctions with respect to NanoString’s CosMx instruments and reagents for RNA detection in the jurisdictions of the UPC in which the EP928 and EP782 patents are in effect. Preliminary injunction hearings are scheduled for the EP928 and EP782 patents on September 19, 2023 and September 5, 2023, respectively.
On July 18, 2023, NanoString filed a European opposition against the EP782 patent. No schedule has yet been set for this opposition.
On July 27, 2023, NanoString filed a revocation action against the EP928 patent in the Munich Central Division of the UPC. No schedule has yet been set for this action.
Vizgen
In May 2022, the Company filed suit against Vizgen, Inc. ("Vizgen") in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that Vizgen’s MERSCOPE Platform and workflow and Vizgen’s Lab Services program, including associated instruments and reagents, infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 11,021,737, 11,293,051, 11,293,052, 11,293,054 and 11,299,767. The Company seeks, among other relief, injunctive relief and unspecified damages (including attorneys’ fees) in relation to Vizgen's making, using, selling, offering to sell, exporting and/or importing in the United States the MERSCOPE Platform and workflow and Vizgen's Lab Services program, including associated instruments and reagents. On July 25, 2022, Vizgen filed a motion to dismiss the Company's claims for willful and indirect infringement, which the Court denied on September 19, 2022. Discovery is in progress. A Markman hearing is scheduled for December 2023 and trial is scheduled for November 2024.
On August 30, 2022, Vizgen filed its answer and counterclaims alleging that the Company's Xenium products infringes U.S. Patent No. 11,098,303. Vizgen seeks, among other relief, injunctive relief and unspecified damages (including attorneys’ fees) in relation to the Company's making, using, selling, offering to sell, exporting and/or importing in the United States Xenium products, including associated instruments and reagents. Vizgen also filed counterclaims alleging that the Company tortiously interfered with Vizgen's contractual and business relationship with Harvard and that the Company engaged in unfair practices under Massachusetts state law. On October 27, 2022, the Company filed a partial answer and motion to dismiss the infringement counterclaim and the tort counterclaims. On February 2, 2023, the Company's motion to dismiss was denied.
On March 15, 2023, the Company filed an amended complaint additionally alleging that the MERSCOPE Platform and workflow and Vizgen’s Lab Services program infringe U.S. Patent No. 11,549,136 and withdrawing its claim of infringement of U.S. Patent No. 11,293,054. On April 17, 2023, Vizgen filed its answer adding antitrust, unfair competition, tort and contract counterclaims. Vizgen seeks, among other relief, injunctive relief (including that the Company grant Vizgen a license to the patents that the Company asserted against Vizgen) and unspecified damages (including attorneys' fees). On May 18, 2023, the Company filed a motion to dismiss Vizgen’s amended counterclaims. On July 10, 2023, the Court granted our motion to dismiss Vizgen’s contract counterclaim but otherwise denied our motion to dismiss. The Company believes Vizgen’s claims are meritless and intends to vigorously defend itself.
On June 1, 2023, the Company filed suit in the Hamburg Local Division of the Unified Patent Court alleging that Vizgen’s MERSCOPE products infringe the EP782 patent. A hearing date has not yet been set. The Company seeks, among other relief, injunctive relief and unspecified damages (including attorneys’ fees) in relation to Vizgen’s MERSCOPE products in the jurisdictions of the UPC in which the EP782 patent is in effect.
Parse
On August 24, 2022, the Company filed suit against Parse Biosciences, Inc. ("Parse") in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that Parse’s Evercode Whole Transcriptomics and ATAC-seq products infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 10,155,981, 10,697,013, 10,240,197, 10,150,995, 10,619,207 and 10,738,357. The Company seeks, among other relief, injunctive relief and unspecified damages (including attorneys’ fees) in relation to Parse's making, using, selling, offering to sell, exporting and/or importing in the United States the Evercode Whole Transcriptomics and ATAC-seq products. On October 17, 2022, Parse filed a motion to dismiss alleging that the asserted claims are directed to patent ineligible subject matter. The Court held a hearing on the motion to dismiss on November 22, 2022, and supplemental briefing was submitted on December 15, 2022. The Court has not yet ruled on the motion. Discovery is in progress. A Markman hearing is scheduled for February 2024 and trial is scheduled for December 2024.
Between April 20 and June 21, 2023, Parse filed petitions for Inter Partes Review of all of the patents asserted.
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10x Genomics, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
5. Capital Stock
As of June 30, 2023, the number of shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock issued and outstanding were 103,266,602 and 14,056,833, respectively.
The following table represents the number of shares of Class B common stock converted to shares of Class A common stock upon the election of the holders of such shares during the periods:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Class B common stock converted to Class A common stock | 4,010,422 |  |  | 579,210 |  |  | 4,610,422 |  |  | 779,210 |

6. Equity Incentive Plans
Stock-based Compensation
The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the periods presented as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cost of revenue | $ | 1,835 |  |  | $ | 1,453 |  |  | $ | 3,296 |  |  | $ | 2,467 |
Research and development | 19,560 |  |  | 15,579 |  |  | 37,340 |  |  | 26,870 |
Selling, general and administrative | 24,301 |  |  | 19,281 |  |  | 47,161 |  |  | 33,023 |
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 45,696 |  |  | $ | 36,313 |  |  | $ | 87,797 |  |  | $ | 62,360 |

Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock unit activity for the six months ended June 30, 2023 is as follows:

| Restricted Stock Units |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (per share)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 | 5,836,192 |  |  | $ | 52.21 |
Granted | 1,948,808 |  |  | 50.68 |
Vested | (922,619) |  |  | 61.97 |
Cancelled | (428,549) |  |  | 57.69 |
Outstanding as of June 30, 2023 | 6,433,832 |  |  | $ | 49.98 |

Stock Options
Stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2023 is as follows:

| Stock Options |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 | 7,964,557 |  |  | $ | 37.10 |
Granted | 300,870 |  |  | 50.80 |
Exercised | (1,088,527) |  |  | 5.02 |
Cancelled and forfeited | (169,273) |  |  | 82.96 |
Outstanding as of June 30, 2023 | 7,007,627 |  |  | $ | 41.56 |

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10x Genomics, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Market-based Performance Stock Awards
In March 2023, the Company granted 172,842 performance restricted stock unit awards (PSAs) under the 2019 Plan to certain members of management, which are subject to the achievement of certain stock price thresholds established by the Company's Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
The PSAs each vest in equal installments upon the achievement of stock price thresholds of $72.14, $96.19 and $120.24 respectively, calculated based on the volume-weighted average price per share of the Company’s Class A common stock over the immediately trailing 20 trading day period for each respective threshold. The stock price thresholds can be met any time prior to the fifth anniversary of the date of grant. The vesting of the PSAs can also be triggered upon certain change in control events and achievement of certain change in control price thresholds or in the event of death or disability. The weighted-average grant date fair value of the PSAs was $43.13. Stock-based compensation expense recognized for these market-based awards was approximately $1.8 million and $2.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
The Company estimates the fair values of shares granted under the PSAs using a Monte Carlo simulation model with the following assumptions:

Expected volatility | 71%
Risk-free interest rate | 3.7%
Expected dividend | —%

In September 2022, the Company granted 709,025 PSAs including performance stock options and RSUs under the 2019 Plan to certain members of management, which are subject to the achievement of certain stock price thresholds established by the Company's Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
As of June 30, 2023, none of the stock price thresholds had been met for any of the PSAs, resulting in no shares vesting or becoming exercisable.
2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
A total of 3,486,671 shares of Class A common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"). The price at which Class A common stock is purchased under the ESPP is equal to 85% of the fair market value of the common stock on the first day of the offering period or purchase date, whichever is lower.
During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, 117,280 and 91,871 shares of Class A common stock, respectively, were issued under the ESPP. There were no shares of Class A common stock issued under the ESPP during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. As of June 30, 2023, there were 2,991,320 shares available for issuance under the ESPP.
7. Net Loss Per Share
The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Stock options to purchase common stock | 7,007,627 |  |  | 8,159,680 |  |  | 7,007,627 |  |  | 8,159,680 |
Restricted stock units | 6,433,832 |  |  | 2,565,452 |  |  | 6,433,832 |  |  | 2,565,452 |
Shares committed under ESPP | 34,718 |  |  | 19,611 |  |  | 34,718 |  |  | 19,611 |
Shares subject to repurchase | — |  |  | 6,250 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,250 |
Total | 13,476,177 |  |  | 10,750,993 |  |  | 13,476,177 |  |  | 10,750,993 |

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10x Genomics, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
8. Subsequent Event
In January 2023, the Company signed an agreement to acquire certain intangible and other assets for an upfront payment of $10.0 million relating to an intellectual property license. In July 2023, the transaction closed and the Company paid $10.0 million upon acquiring the assets. Under the agreement, the Company is obligated to provide additional cash consideration if certain technology development milestones are met. In July 2023, one of the development milestones was met and triggered a $10.0 million payment. Up to $26.3 million of additional cash consideration is due if certain technology development milestones are met. In addition, the Company expects to pay additional cash consideration tied to future sales milestones if such milestones are met.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on February 16, 2023 (our "Annual Report"). As discussed in the section titled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” the following discussion and analysis, in addition to historical financial information, contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth in the section titled “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report and Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report.
In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.
Overview
We are a life sciences technology company focused on building innovative products and solutions to interrogate, understand and master biology. Our integrated solutions include instruments, consumables and software for analyzing biological systems at resolution and scale that matches the complexity of biology. We have launched multiple products that enable researchers to understand and interrogate biological analytes in their full biological context. Our commercial product portfolio leverages our Chromium X Series and Chromium Connect instruments, which we refer to as “Chromium instruments,” our Visium CytAssist, an instrument designed to simplify the Visium solution workflow by facilitating the transfer of transcriptomic probes from standard glass slides to Visium slides and our Xenium Analyzer, an instrument designed for fully automated high-throughput analysis of cells in their tissue environment, which we refer to as “Spatial instruments,” and our proprietary microfluidic chips, slides, reagents and other consumables for our Chromium, Visium and Xenium solutions, which we refer to as “consumables.” We bundle our software with these products to guide customers through the workflow, from sample preparation through analysis and visualization.
Our products cover a wide variety of applications and allow researchers to analyze biological systems at fundamental resolutions and on massive scale, such as at the single cell level for millions of cells. Customers purchase instruments and consumables from us for use in their experiments. In addition to instrument and consumable sales, we derive revenue from post-warranty service contracts for our instruments.
Since our inception in 2012, we have incurred net losses in each year. Our net losses were $62.4 million and $113.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and $64.5 million and $106.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $1.1 billion and cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaling $391.4 million. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses for the foreseeable future and to incur operating losses in the near term. We expect our expenses will increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, as we:
•attract, hire and retain qualified personnel;
•scale our technology platforms and introduce new products and services;
•protect and defend our intellectual property;
•acquire businesses or technologies; and
•invest in processes, tools and infrastructure to support the growth of our business.
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Results of Operations

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Revenue | $ | 146,819 |  |  | $ | 114,609 |  |  | $ | 281,104 |  |  | $ | 229,105 |
Cost of revenue | 47,207 |  |  | 27,704 |  |  | 83,102 |  |  | 53,182 |
Gross profit | 99,612 |  |  | 86,905 |  |  | 198,002 |  |  | 175,923 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 71,460 |  |  | 70,685 |  |  | 138,558 |  |  | 134,763 |
Selling, general and administrative | 91,510 |  |  | 79,337 |  |  | 174,790 |  |  | 146,012 |
Total operating expenses | 162,970 |  |  | 150,022 |  |  | 313,348 |  |  | 280,775 |
Loss from operations | (63,358) |  |  | (63,117) |  |  | (115,346) |  |  | (104,852) |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 4,100 |  |  | 1,238 |  |  | 7,969 |  |  | 1,807 |
Interest expense | (5) |  |  | (109) |  |  | (24) |  |  | (237) |
Other expense, net | (1,504) |  |  | (1,843) |  |  | (3,020) |  |  | (2,243) |
Total other income (expense) | 2,591 |  |  | (714) |  |  | 4,925 |  |  | (673) |
Loss before provision for income taxes | (60,767) |  |  | (63,831) |  |  | (110,421) |  |  | (105,525) |
Provision for income taxes | 1,647 |  |  | 627 |  |  | 2,740 |  |  | 1,346 |
Net loss | $ | (62,414) |  |  | $ | (64,458) |  |  | $ | (113,161) |  |  | $ | (106,871) |

Comparison of the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Revenue

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Change
(dollars in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ |  | %
Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chromium | $ | 12,859 |  |  | $ | 14,047 |  |  | $ | (1,188) |  |  | (8) | % |  | $ | 24,485 |  |  | $ | 28,373 |  |  | $ | (3,888) |  |  | (14) | %
Spatial | 18,096 |  |  | 689 |  |  | 17,407 |  |  | 2,526 |  |  | 25,646 |  |  | 792 |  |  | 24,854 |  |  | 3,138 |
Total instruments revenue | 30,955 |  |  | 14,736 |  |  | 16,219 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 50,131 |  |  | 29,165 |  |  | 20,966 |  |  | 72 |
Consumables |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chromium | 100,794 |  |  | 91,048 |  |  | 9,746 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 201,890 |  |  | 182,327 |  |  | 19,563 |  |  | 11 |
Spatial | 11,694 |  |  | 6,886 |  |  | 4,808 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 22,976 |  |  | 13,557 |  |  | 9,419 |  |  | 69 |
Total consumables revenue | 112,488 |  |  | 97,934 |  |  | 14,554 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 224,866 |  |  | 195,884 |  |  | 28,982 |  |  | 15 |
Services | 3,376 |  |  | 1,939 |  |  | 1,437 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 6,107 |  |  | 4,056 |  |  | 2,051 |  |  | 51 |
Total revenue | $ | 146,819 |  |  | $ | 114,609 |  |  | $ | 32,210 |  |  | 28 | % |  | $ | 281,104 |  |  | $ | 229,105 |  |  | $ | 51,999 |  |  | 23 | %

Revenue increased $32.2 million, or 28%, to $146.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. Instruments revenue increased $16.2 million, or 110%, to $31.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher volume of instruments sold. The revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2023 includes the sales of Xenium instruments. There were no Xenium instruments sold during the three months ended June 30, 2022. Chromium instruments revenue decreased $1.2 million, or 8%, to $12.9 million primarily due to a shift in mix to lower price Chromium instruments despite an increase in the volume of Chromium instruments sold. Consumables revenue increased $14.6 million, or 15%, to $112.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily driven by higher volume of total instruments sold.
Revenue increased $52.0 million, or 23%, to $281.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. Instruments revenue increased $21.0 million, or 72%, to $50.1 million for the six months ended
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June 30, 2023 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher volume of instruments sold. The revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2023 includes the sales of Visium CytAssist and Xenium instruments. There were no Xenium instruments sold during the six months ended June 30, 2022. Chromium instruments revenue decreased $3.9 million, or 14%, to $24.5 million primarily due to lower volume of Chromium instruments sold. Consumables revenue increased $29.0 million, or 15%, to $224.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily driven by higher volume of total instruments sold.
Cost of revenue, gross profit and gross margin

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Change
(dollars in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ |  | %
Cost of revenue | $ | 47,207 |  |  | $ | 27,704 |  |  | $ | 19,503 |  |  | 70 | % |  | $ | 83,102 |  |  | $ | 53,182 |  |  | $ | 29,920 |  |  | 56 | %
Gross profit | $ | 99,612 |  |  | $ | 86,905 |  |  | $ | 12,707 |  |  | 15 | % |  | $ | 198,002 |  |  | $ | 175,923 |  |  | $ | 22,079 |  |  | 13 | %
Gross margin | 68 | % |  | 76 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 70 | % |  | 77 | % |  |  |  |

Cost of revenue increased $19.5 million, or 70%, to $47.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by higher manufacturing costs of $17.9 million due to increased sales and higher costs of newly introduced products, $0.9 million of higher warranty charges and $0.7 million of higher inventory write-downs.
Cost of revenue increased $29.9 million, or 56%, to $83.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by higher manufacturing costs of $25.1 million due to increased sales and higher costs of newly introduced products, $2.9 million of higher inventory write-downs and $1.8 million of higher warranty charges.
We expect our gross margin will continue to trend lower due in part to change in product mix with newly introduced products, the impacts of inflation, increased supply chain costs and increased costs due to expanding our operations infrastructure. In particular, the Xenium instrument currently carries a significantly lower margin than our other instruments. As we continue to scale our manufacturing capacity, we believe that there are opportunities for cost reductions and also for increases to average selling price that we expect will improve instrument margin over the long term.
Operating expenses

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Change
(dollars in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ |  | %
Research and development | $ | 71,460 |  |  | $ | 70,685 |  |  | $ | 775 |  |  | 1 | % |  | $ | 138,558 |  |  | $ | 134,763 |  |  | $ | 3,795 |  |  | 3 | %
Selling, general and administrative | 91,510 |  |  | 79,337 |  |  | 12,173 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 174,790 |  |  | 146,012 |  |  | 28,778 |  |  | 20 |
Total operating expenses | $ | 162,970 |  |  | $ | 150,022 |  |  | $ | 12,948 |  |  | 9 | % |  | $ | 313,348 |  |  | $ | 280,775 |  |  | $ | 32,573 |  |  | 12 | %

Research and development expenses increased $0.8 million, or 1%, to $71.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in personnel expenses of $3.4 million, including $4.0 million in stock-based compensation expense, $0.7 million in other expenses and $0.4 million of higher costs for facilities and information technology to support operational expansion. The increase is partially offset by lower costs of laboratory materials and supplies of $4.0 million used to support our research and development efforts.
Research and development expenses increased $3.8 million, or 3%, to $138.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in personnel expenses of $10.1 million, including $10.5 million in stock-based compensation expense, and $2.0 million of higher costs for facilities and information technology to support operational expansion. The increase is partially offset by lower costs of laboratory materials and supplies of $9.0 million used to support our research and development efforts.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $12.2 million, or 15%, to $91.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by increased personnel expenses of $3.4 million, including $5.0 million in stock-based compensation expense, $4.7 million of higher costs for facilities
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and information technology to support operational expansion including a lease impairment charge of $2.8 million and $4.0 million of increased outside legal expenses.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $28.8 million, or 20%, to $174.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by increased personnel expenses of $13.3 million, including $14.1 million in stock-based compensation expense, $8.4 million of increased outside legal expenses, $5.0 million of higher costs for facilities and information technology to support operational expansion including a lease impairment charge of $2.8 million, and $1.5 million of increased marketing expenses.
We expect our operating expenditures to continue to increase for the remainder of 2023 and beyond as we increase our investment to support new and existing research and development projects and incentivize and retain key talent, which we expect to result in increased stock-based compensation expense in future periods.
Other income (expense), net

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Change
(dollars in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ |  | %
Interest income | $ | 4,100 |  |  | $ | 1,238 |  |  | $ | 2,862 |  |  | 231 | % |  | $ | 7,969 |  |  | $ | 1,807 |  |  | $ | 6,162 |  |  | 341 | %
Interest expense | (5) |  |  | (109) |  |  | 104 |  |  | (95) |  |  | (24) |  |  | (237) |  |  | 213 |  |  | (90) |
Other expense, net | (1,504) |  |  | (1,843) |  |  | 339 |  |  | (18) |  |  | (3,020) |  |  | (2,243) |  |  | (777) |  |  | 35 |
Total other income (expense) | $ | 2,591 |  |  | $ | (714) |  |  | $ | 3,305 |  |  | (463) | % |  | $ | 4,925 |  |  | $ | (673) |  |  | $ | 5,598 |  |  | (832) | %

Interest income increased by $2.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. Interest income increased by $6.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to interest income generated from our cash equivalents and marketable securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 reflecting an increase in interest rates.
Interest expense decreased by $0.1 million, or 95% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. Interest expense decreased by $0.2 million, or 90% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022.
Other expense, net decreased by $0.3 million, or 18% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was driven by lower net realized and unrealized losses from foreign currency rate measurement fluctuations. Other expense, net increased by $0.8 million, or 35% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by $1.7 million of realized losses from the sale of available-for-sale debt securities, partially offset by lower net realized and unrealized losses from foreign currency rate measurement fluctuations.
Provision for Income Taxes
The Company's provision for income taxes was $1.6 million and $2.7 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and $0.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022. The provision for income taxes consists primarily of foreign taxes. Deferred tax assets related to our domestic operations are fully offset by a valuation allowance.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of June 30, 2023, we had $391.4 million in cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. Short-term restricted cash of $1.5 million and long-term restricted cash of $3.5 million primarily serves as collateral for outstanding letters of credit for facilities. We have generated negative cumulative cash flows from operations since inception through June 30, 2023, and we have generated losses from operations since inception as reflected in our accumulated deficit of $1.1 billion.
We currently anticipate making aggregate capital expenditures of between approximately $35 million and $40 million during the next 12 months, which we expect to include, among other expenditures, the construction costs of our global facilities and equipment to be used for manufacturing and research and development.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our revenue growth rate, research and development efforts, investments in or acquisitions of complementary or enhancing technologies or businesses, the timing and extent of additional capital expenditures to invest in existing and new facilities, the expansion of sales and marketing and international activities and the introduction of new products.
We take a long-term view in growing and scaling our business and we regularly review acquisition and investment opportunities, and we may in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in businesses, real estate, services and technologies, including intellectual property rights, and any such acquisitions or investments could significantly increase our capital needs. We regularly review opportunities that meet our long-term growth objectives.
In January 2023, we signed an agreement to acquire certain intangible and other assets for an upfront payment of $10.0 million relating to an intellectual property license. In July 2023, the transaction closed and we paid $10.0 million upon acquiring the assets. Under the agreement, we are obligated to provide additional cash consideration if certain technology development milestones are met. In July 2023, one of the development milestones was met and triggered a $10.0 million payment. Up to $26.3 million of additional cash consideration is due if certain technology development milestones are met. In addition, we expect to pay additional cash consideration tied to future sales milestones if such milestones are met.
While we expect to continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future due to the investments we intend to make, we believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and cash generated from sales of our products will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. However, our liquidity assumptions may prove to be incorrect, and we could exhaust our available financial resources sooner than we currently expect. We maintain the majority of our cash and cash equivalents in accounts with major U.S. and multi-national financial institutions, and our deposits at these institutions exceed insured limits. Market conditions can impact the viability of these institutions. In the event of failure of any of the financial institutions where we maintain our cash and cash equivalents, there can be no assurance that we would be able to access uninsured funds in a timely manner or at all. Any inability to access or delay in accessing these funds could adversely affect our business and financial position.
We intend to continue to evaluate market conditions and may in the future pursue additional sources of funding, such as mortgage or other financing, to further enhance our financial position and to execute our business strategy. In addition, should prevailing economic, financial, business or other factors adversely affect our ability to meet our operating cash requirements, we could be required to obtain funding though traditional or alternative sources of financing. We cannot be certain that additional funds would be available to us on favorable terms when required, or at all.
Sources of liquidity
Since our inception, we have financed our operations and capital expenditures primarily through sales of convertible preferred stock and common stock, revenue from sales of our products and the incurrence of indebtedness. In September 2019, we completed our initial public offering for aggregate proceeds of $410.8 million, net of offering costs, underwriter discounts and commissions. In September 2020, we completed a public offering of our Class A common stock for aggregate proceeds of $482.3 million, after deducting offering costs, underwriting discounts and commissions.
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The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

| Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022
Net cash provided by (used in): |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | (15,651) |  |  | $ | (37,765) |
Investing activities | 115,494 |  |  | (285,085) |
Financing activities | 3,682 |  |  | 8,777 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (25) |  |  | (210) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | $ | 103,500 |  |  | $ | (314,283) |

Operating activities
The net cash used in operating activities of $15.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was primarily due to a net loss of $113.2 million, net cash outflow from changes in operating assets and liabilities of $15.9 million, primarily offset by stock-based compensation expense of $87.8 million, depreciation and amortization of $16.4 million, amortization of leased right-of-use assets of $4.1 million, lease impairment charges of $2.8 million, realized losses on sale of marketable securities of $1.7 million and other non-cash expenses of $0.6 million. The net cash outflow from operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to an increase in other noncurrent assets of $18.1 million primarily due to an upfront payment for an intellectual property license of $10.0 million and a legal security deposit of $7.8 million (refer to Note 4, Commitments and Contingencies - Litigation - NanoString, to the notes to condensed financial statements for further details), a decrease in accrued compensation and other related benefits of $10.3 million primarily related to the prior year annual bonus payments, a decrease in operating lease liability of $4.5 million, an increase in inventory of $2.3 million, and a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $2.1 million. The net cash outflow from operating assets and liabilities was partially offset by a decrease of accounts receivable of $16.5 million due to timing of collections, an increase in deferred revenue of $2.9 million, and an increase in accounts payable of $1.3 million due to timing of vendor payments.
The net cash used in operating activities of $37.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was primarily due to a net loss of $106.9 million, net cash outflow from changes in operating assets and liabilities of $10.1 million, partially offset by stock-based compensation expense of $62.4 million, depreciation and amortization of $12.7 million, amortization of leased right-of-use assets of $3.7 million and amortization of premium and accretion of discount on marketable securities, net of $0.5 million. The net cash outflow from operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to an increase in inventory of $11.1 million due to the timing of inventory purchases including advance purchases of inventory due to anticipated demand and supply chain management, a decrease in accrued compensation and other related benefits of $8.0 million due to the prior year annual bonus payments, an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $5.3 million and a decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $4.9 million due to the timing of payments including license fees. The net cash outflow from operating assets and liabilities was partially offset by an increase in accounts payable of $10.3 million due to timing of vendor payments, a decrease in accounts receivable of $9.0 million due to timing of collections and an increase in deferred revenue of $1.7 million.
Investing activities
The net cash provided by investing activities of $115.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 was due to proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities of $94.9 million and $51.2 million, respectively, partially offset by purchases of property and equipment and intangible assets of $29.9 million and $0.7 million, respectively.
The net cash used in investing activities of $285.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022 was due to purchases of marketable securities of $271.5 million and property and equipment of $55.4 million, partially offset by proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities of $32.7 million and $9.1 million, respectively.
Financing activities
The net cash provided by financing activities of $3.7 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 was primarily from proceeds of $9.5 million from the issuance of common stock from the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan, partially offset by payments on financing arrangements of $5.8 million.
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The net cash provided by financing activities of $8.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022 was primarily from proceeds of $14.2 million from the issuance of common stock from the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan purchases partially offset by payments on financing arrangements of $5.4 million.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates during the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 16, 2023.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
For financial market risks related to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates, reference is made to Item 7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” contained in Part II of our Annual Report. Our exposure to market risk has not changed materially since December 31, 2022.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objective and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of June 30, 2023.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended June 30, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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10x Genomics, Inc.
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
Refer to Note 4 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
There have been no material changes to our risk factors that we believe are material to our business, results of operations and financial condition from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report, and any documents incorporated by reference therein, which is accessible on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
Item 5. Other Information
None of our directors or officers adopted, modified or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the quarter ended June 30, 2023, as such terms are defined under Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
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Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit Number |  |  |  | Incorporated by Reference |
| Exhibit Title |  | Form |  | File No. |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date | Filed Herewith
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant. |  | 8-K |  | 001-39035 |  | 3.1 |  | 9/16/2019 |
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant. |  | 10-Q |  | 001-39035 |  | 3.2 |  | 11/3/2022 |
4.1 |  | Form of Stock Certificate for Class A common stock of the Registrant. |  | S-1 |  | 333-233361 |  | 4.2 |  | 8/19/2019 |
10.1+ |  | Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.1* |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.2* |  | Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (the Cover Page Interactive Data File does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document). |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

+ Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
* This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| 10x Genomics, Inc.
Date: August 3, 2023 | By: | /s/ Serge Saxonov
|  | Serge Saxonov Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: August 3, 2023 | By: | /s/ Justin J. McAnear
|  | Justin J. McAnear Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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