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us-gaap:MajorityShareholderMember 2019-01-01 2019-06-30

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
☒ Quarterly Report Under Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2020
OR
☐ Transition Report Pursuant To Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-38661
Elanco Animal Health Incorporated
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

INDIANA |  | 82-5497352
(State or other jurisdiction of |  | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) |  | Identification No.)

2500 INNOVATION WAY, GREENFIELD, INDIANA 46140
(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (877) 352-6261
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, no par value | ELAN | New York Stock Exchange
5.00% Tangible Equity Units | ELAT | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of a “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  |  |  |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  |  |  |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  |  |  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒
The number of shares of common stock outstanding as of July 27, 2020 were 398,902,384

Elanco Animal Health Incorporated
Form 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2020
Table of Contents

|  |  |  | Page
PART I. Financial Information |  |  |  |
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements |  |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) |  | 5
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) |  | 6
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) |  | 7
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited) |  | 8
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) |  | 9
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) |  | 10
Item 2. |  | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  |
|  | Overview |  | 29
|  | Results of Operations |  | 33
|  | Summary of Changes |  | 34
|  | Liquidity and Capital Resources |  | 38
|  | Contractual Obligations |  | 40
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 40
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 40
PART II. Other Information |  |  |  |
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 41
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  | 41
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 45
Item 3. |  | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 45
Item 4. |  | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 45
Item 5. |  | Other Information |  | 45
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 46
Signatures |  |  |  | 47

Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, statements concerning the impact on our business caused by the acquisition of the animal health business of Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, the coronavirus global pandemic, estimated "stand up" costs, our estimated interest expense, our industry and our operations, performance and financial condition, including in particular, statements relating to our business, growth strategies, product development efforts and future expenses.
Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, by their nature, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. As a result, our actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include regional, national, or global political, economic, business, competitive, market, and regulatory conditions, including but not limited to the following:
•heightened competition, including from innovation or generics;
•the impact of disruptive innovations and advances in veterinary medical practices, animal health technologies and alternatives to animal-derived protein;
•changes in regulatory restrictions on the use of antibiotics in food animals;
•the impact on our operations, the supply chain, customer demand, and our liquidity as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) global health pandemic;
•our ability to implement our business strategies or achieve targeted cost efficiencies and gross margin improvements;
•consolidation of our customers and distributors;
•an outbreak of infectious disease carried by food animals;
•the success of our research and development (R&D) and licensing efforts;
•our ability to complete acquisitions and successfully integrate the businesses we acquire, including the animal health business of Bayer Aktiengesellschaft (Bayer);
•the impact of the COVID-19 global health pandemic on our ability to achieve the anticipated revenue, earnings, accretion and other benefits associated with the acquisition of the animal health business of Bayer;
•misuse, off-label or counterfeiting use of our products;
•unanticipated safety, quality or efficacy concerns associated with our products;
•the impact of weather conditions and the availability of natural resources;
•disruption in our supply chain due to manufacturing issues experienced by our contract manufacturers;
•the impact of increased or decreased sales to our channel distributors resulting in higher or lower inventory levels held by them in advance of or trailing actual customer demand, which could lead to variations in quarterly revenue results;
•risks related to our presence in emerging markets;
•changes in United States (U.S.) foreign trade policy, imposition of tariffs or trade disputes;
•the impact of global macroeconomic conditions; and
•the effect on our business resulting from our separation from Eli Lilly and Company (Lilly), including the various costs associated with transition to a standalone entity, including the ability to stand up our enterprise resource planning (ERP) system and other information technology systems.
3

See “Risk Factors,” of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Item 1A, "Risk Factors," of Part II of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020 and Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for a further description of these and other factors. Although we have attempted to identify important risk factors, there may be other risk factors not presently known to us or that we presently believe are not material that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this quarterly report. If any of these risks materialize, or if any of the above assumptions underlying forward-looking statements prove incorrect, actual results and developments may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this quarterly report. For the reasons described above, we caution you against relying on any forward-looking statements, which should also be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included elsewhere in this quarterly report. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this quarterly report speaks only as of the date hereof. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or to revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by law. Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends or indications of future performance, unless specifically expressed as such, and should be viewed as historical data.
4

PART I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
Elanco Animal Health Incorporated
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in millions, except per-share data)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Revenue | $ | 586.3 |  |  | $ | 781.6 |  |  | $ | 1,244.0 |  |  | $ | 1,512.7 |
Costs, expenses and other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | 295.9 |  |  | 356.0 |  |  | 628.6 |  |  | 699.8 |
Research and development | 59.4 |  |  | 68.8 |  |  | 126.2 |  |  | 132.9 |
Marketing, selling and administrative | 162.8 |  |  | 200.9 |  |  | 344.8 |  |  | 382.0 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 49.0 |  |  | 49.3 |  |  | 100.6 |  |  | 98.3 |
Asset impairment, restructuring and other special charges (Note 7) | 119.4 |  |  | 31.8 |  |  | 194.2 |  |  | 56.7 |
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest | 24.8 |  |  | 20.7 |  |  | 41.3 |  |  | 41.5 |
Other–net, (income) expense | (47.9) |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | (46.8) |  |  | 6.5 |
| 663.4 |  |  | 731.4 |  |  | 1,388.9 |  |  | 1,417.7 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | (77.1) |  |  | 50.2 |  |  | (144.9) |  |  | 95.0 |
Income tax (benefit) expense | (23.9) |  |  | 14.3 |  |  | (42.6) |  |  | 27.6 |
Net income (loss) | $ | (53.2) |  |  | $ | 35.9 |  |  | $ | (102.3) |  |  | $ | 67.4 |
Earnings (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.13) |  |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | (0.25) |  |  | $ | 0.18 |
Diluted | $ | (0.13) |  |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | (0.25) |  |  | $ | 0.18 |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 413.2 |  | 365.7 |  | 408.5 |  | 365.7
Diluted | 413.2 |  | 367.0 |  | 408.5 |  | 366.5

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)
Elanco Animal Health Incorporated
(Dollars in millions)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net income (loss) | $ | (53.2) |  |  | $ | 35.9 |  |  | $ | (102.3) |  |  | $ | 67.4 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized loss on derivatives for cash flow hedges, net of taxes | (20.7) |  |  | — |  |  | (59.9) |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation | 49.6 |  |  | 35.4 |  |  | 20.3 |  |  | 5.2 |
Defined benefit pension and retiree health benefit plans, net of taxes | (1.1) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | 2.2 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 27.8 |  |  | 35.6 |  |  | (41.1) |  |  | 7.4 |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (25.4) |  |  | $ | 71.5 |  |  | $ | (143.4) |  |  | $ | 74.8 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

Elanco Animal Health Incorporated
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Dollars in millions)

| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
| (Unaudited) |  |
Assets |  |  |
Current Assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,391.1 |  |  | $ | 334.0 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $7.3 (2020) and $6.2 (2019) | 543.9 |  |  | 816.9 |
Other receivables | 72.9 |  |  | 73.0 |
Inventories (Note 8) | 1,065.3 |  |  | 1,050.7 |
Prepaid expenses and other | 107.4 |  |  | 87.4 |
Restricted cash (Note 17) | 10.7 |  |  | 11.1 |
Total current assets | 3,191.3 |  |  | 2,373.1 |
Noncurrent Assets |  |  |
Goodwill | 3,044.0 |  |  | 2,989.6 |
Other intangibles, net | 2,432.7 |  |  | 2,482.8 |
Other noncurrent assets | 283.9 |  |  | 185.0 |
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $942.1 (2020) and $930.5 (2019) | 924.1 |  |  | 955.3 |
Total assets | $ | 9,876.0 |  |  | $ | 8,985.8 |
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |
Current Liabilities |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 242.5 |  |  | $ | 222.6 |
Employee compensation | 57.2 |  |  | 99.6 |
Sales rebates and discounts | 164.0 |  |  | 211.0 |
Current portion of long-term debt (Note 10) | 25.9 |  |  | 24.5 |
Other current liabilities | 321.7 |  |  | 244.4 |
Payable to Lilly (Note 17) | 24.1 |  |  | 16.4 |
Total current liabilities | 835.4 |  |  | 818.5 |
Noncurrent Liabilities |  |  |
Long-term debt (Note 10) | 2,030.4 |  |  | 2,330.5 |
Accrued retirement benefits | 83.9 |  |  | 82.5 |
Deferred taxes | 65.5 |  |  | 100.8 |
Other noncurrent liabilities | 208.9 |  |  | 106.6 |
Total liabilities | 3,224.1 |  |  | 3,438.9 |
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 14) | — |  |  | — |
Equity |  |  |
Preferred stock, no par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; none issued | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, no par value, 5,000,000,000 shares authorized, 398,899,013 and 373,011,513 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively | — |  |  | — |
Additional paid-in capital | 6,886.1 |  |  | 5,636.3 |
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) | (19.4) |  |  | 84.3 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (214.8) |  |  | (173.7) |
Total equity | 6,651.9 |  |  | 5,546.9 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 9,876.0 |  |  | $ | 8,985.8 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
7

Elanco Animal Health Incorporated
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in millions)

| Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  |  | Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) |  | Cash Flow Hedge Gain (Loss) |  | Foreign Currency Translation |  | Defined Benefit Pension and Retiree Health Benefit Plans |  | Total |  | Total Equity
December 31, 2018 | 365.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,403.3 |  |  |  |  | $ | 16.4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (218.2) |  |  | $ | (4.0) |  |  | $ | (222.2) |  |  | $ | 5,197.5 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 31.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31.5 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (30.2) |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | (28.2) |  |  | (28.2) |
Separation activities(1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7.0) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7.0) |
Stock compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.4 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.4 |
Issuance of stock under employee stock plans, net | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
March 31, 2019 | 365.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,398.7 |  |  |  |  | 47.9 |  |  | — |  |  | (248.4) |  |  | (2.0) |  |  | (250.4) |  |  | 5,196.2 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 35.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35.9 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35.4 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 35.6 |  |  | 35.6 |
Separation activities(1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18.4) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18.4) |
Stock compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14.3 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14.3 |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.9 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.9 |
June 30, 2019 | 365.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,396.5 |  |  |  |  | $ | 83.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (213.0) |  |  | $ | (1.8) |  |  | $ | (214.8) |  |  | $ | 5,265.5 |

December 31, 2019 | 373.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,636.3 |  |  |  |  | $ | 84.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (198.4) |  |  | $ | 24.7 |  |  | $ | (173.7) |  |  | $ | 5,546.9 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (49.1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (49.1) |
Adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2016-13(2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (1.4) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.4) |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (39.2) |  |  | (29.3) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | (68.9) |  |  | (68.9) |
Separation activities(1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15.8 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15.8 |
Stock compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11.1 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11.1 |
Issuance of stock under employee stock plans, net | 0.8 |  |  | — |  |  | (12.8) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12.8) |
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs(3) | 25.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 767.5 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 767.5 |
Issuance of tangible equity units, net of issuance costs(3) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 452.4 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 452.4 |
March 31, 2020 | 398.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,870.3 |  |  |  |  | 33.8 |  |  | (39.2) |  |  | (227.7) |  |  | 24.3 |  |  | (242.6) |  |  | 6,661.5 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (53.2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (53.2) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (20.7) |  |  | 49.6 |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | 27.8 |  |  | 27.8 |
Separation activities (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8.8 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8.8 |
Stock compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8.3 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8.3 |
Issuance of stock under employee stock plans, net | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | (1.0) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.0) |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.3) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (0.3) |
June 30, 2020 | 398.9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,886.1 |  |  |  |  | $ | (19.4) |  |  | $ | (59.9) |  |  | $ | (178.1) |  |  | $ | 23.2 |  |  | $ | (214.8) |  |  | $ | 6,651.9 |

(1) See Note 17: Related Party Agreements and Transactions for further discussion.
(2) See Note 4: Implementation of New Financial Accounting Pronouncements for further discussion.
(3) See Note 9: Equity for further discussion.
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
8

Elanco Animal Health Incorporated
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (102.3) |  |  | $ | 67.4 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 162.4 |  |  | 152.4 |
Change in deferred income taxes | (78.4) |  |  | 40.3 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 19.4 |  |  | 21.9 |
Asset impairment charges | 3.5 |  |  | 4.0 |
Gain on sale of assets | (51.3) |  |  | — |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities | 205.7 |  |  | (205.2) |
Other non-cash operating activities, net | 4.6 |  |  | (22.6) |
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities | 163.6 |  |  | 58.2 |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |
Net proceeds from sale (purchases) of property and equipment | 19.2 |  |  | (51.8) |
Proceeds from settlement of net investment hedges (Note 11) | 32.7 |  |  | — |
Purchases of software | (59.6) |  |  | (22.9) |
Other investing activities, net | (1.3) |  |  | (2.8) |
Net Cash Used for Investing Activities | (9.0) |  |  | (77.5) |
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |  |  |
Repayments of borrowings (Note 10) | (377.8) |  |  | (65.0) |
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt (Note 10) | 79.2 |  |  | — |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and tangible equity units (Note 9) | 1,219.9 |  |  | — |
Debt issuance costs | (3.2) |  |  | — |
Consideration paid to Lilly in connection with the Separation (Note 1) | — |  |  | (191.2) |
Other net financing transactions with Lilly | — |  |  | 5.0 |
Other financing activities, net | (14.2) |  |  | 1.4 |
Net Cash Provided by (Used for) Financing Activities | 903.9 |  |  | (249.8) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (1.8) |  |  | (11.8) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 1,056.7 |  |  | (280.9) |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at January 1 | 345.1 |  |  | 677.5 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at June 30 | $ | 1,401.8 |  |  | $ | 396.6 |

| June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,391.1 |  |  | $ | 385.1 |
Restricted cash (Note 17) | 10.7 |  |  | 11.5 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at June 30 | $ | 1,401.8 |  |  | $ | 396.6 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
9

Elanco Animal Health Incorporated
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Tables present dollars in millions, except per-share data)
Note 1. Nature of Business and Organization
Nature of Business
Elanco Animal Health Incorporated (Elanco Parent) and its subsidiaries (collectively, Elanco, the Company, we, us or our) was formed as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company (Lilly). Elanco is a global animal health company that innovates, develops, manufactures and markets products for companion and food animals. We offer a diverse portfolio of more than 125 brands to veterinarians and food animal producers in more than 90 countries.
Organization
Elanco Parent was formed in May 2018, as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lilly, to serve as the ultimate parent company of substantially all of the animal health businesses of Lilly.
On September 24, 2018, Elanco Parent completed an initial public offering (IPO) resulting in the issuance of 72.3 million shares of its common stock (including shares issued pursuant to the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares), which represented 19.8% of the outstanding shares, at $24 per share resulting in total net proceeds, after underwriting discounts and commissions, of $1.7 billion. In connection with the completion of the IPO, through a series of equity and other transactions, Lilly transferred to Elanco Parent the animal health businesses that form its business. In exchange, Elanco Parent has paid to Lilly approximately $4.2 billion, which included the net proceeds from the IPO, the net proceeds from the debt offering completed by Elanco Parent in August 2018 and the term loan facility entered into by Elanco Parent in September 2018 (see Note 10: Debt). These transactions are collectively referred to herein as the Separation.
On February 8, 2019, Lilly announced an exchange offer whereby Lilly shareholders could exchange all or a portion of Lilly common stock for shares of Elanco common stock owned by Lilly. The disposition of Elanco shares was completed on March 11, 2019, and resulted in the full separation of Elanco along with the disposal of Lilly's entire ownership and voting interest in Elanco.
Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
We have prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with the requirements of Form 10-Q and, therefore, they do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP). In our opinion, the financial statements reflect all adjustments (including those that are normal and recurring) that are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for the periods shown. In preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, we must make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and related disclosures at the date of the financial statements and during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The accounts of all wholly owned and controlled subsidiaries are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements and all intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior periods in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to conform with current presentation.
The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with our consolidated and combined financial statements and accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2019 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 28, 2020.
Our income taxes in 2019 and thereafter reflect the results on a stand-alone basis independent of Lilly, except for the period during which we were included in a combined tax return with Lilly until full separation. The income tax amounts in the financial statements have been calculated based on a separate return methodology and presented as if our operations were separate taxpayers in the respective jurisdictions. We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state, local and non-U.S. jurisdictions.
10

The significant accounting policies set forth in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 appropriately represent, in all material respects, the current status of our accounting policies, except as it relates to the adoption of the standards that were effective January 1, 2020 as described in Note 4: Implementation of New Financial Accounting Pronouncements, and are incorporated herein by reference.
Note 3. Impact of Separation
In connection with the Separation, we issued $2.0 billion aggregate principal amount of senior notes in a private placement, and we also entered into a $750.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility and $500.0 million senior unsecured term credit facility. In connection with the Separation, we entered into various agreements with Lilly, including a master separation agreement, a tax matters agreement and the transitional services agreement (TSA).
In addition to the agreements referenced above, we entered into several other related party transactions with Lilly before and at the time of the Separation. For additional information regarding our ongoing agreements, as well as certain activities while Lilly was a related party, see Note 17: Related Party Agreements and Transactions.
Note 4. Implementation of New Financial Accounting Pronouncements
The following table provides a brief description of accounting standards that were effective January 1, 2020 and were adopted on that date:

Standard |  | Description |  | Effect on the financial statements or other significant matters
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments |  | This standard modifies the impairment model by requiring entities to use a forward-looking approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. |  | We adopted the standard using the modified retrospective approach. The impact of adoption included the first-time recognition of expected credit losses (i.e., bad debt expense) on current receivables that are not past due, which resulted in a decrease in retained earnings of $1.4 million. Recognition of this allowance and other impacts of adoption were not material to the consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Standards Update 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract |  | This guidance aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a cloud-based hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. |  | We implemented the guidance on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.

11

The following table provides a brief description of accounting standards applicable to us that have not yet been adopted:

Standard |  | Description |  | Effective Date |  | Effect on the financial statements or other significant matters
Accounting Standards Update 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes |  | The amendments in this update simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions and clarifying certain requirements regarding franchise taxes, goodwill, consolidated tax expenses, and annual effective tax rate calculations. |  | This standard is effective January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. We intend to adopt this standard on that date. |  | We are currently evaluating the effect of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Standards Update 2020-04, Reference rate reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting |  | This update provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. |  | This standard can be applied immediately, but early adoption is only available through December 31, 2022. |  | We are currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) on our existing contracts, but do not expect that this update will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 5. Revenue
Our sales rebates and discounts are based on specific agreements and the majority relate to sales in the U.S. As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, the liability for sales rebates and discounts in the U.S. represents approximately 74% and 75%, respectively, of our total liability with the next largest country representing approximately 7% and 5%, respectively, of our total liability.
The following table summarizes the activity in the sales rebates and discounts liability in the U.S.:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Beginning balance | $ | 137.6 |  |  | $ | 120.0 |  |  | $ | 150.4 |  |  | $ | 118.5 |
Reduction of revenue | 65.1 |  |  | 80.6 |  |  | 125.6 |  |  | 146.3 |
Payments | (80.7) |  |  | (68.5) |  |  | (154.0) |  |  | (132.7) |
Ending balance | $ | 122.0 |  |  | $ | 132.1 |  |  | $ | 122.0 |  |  | $ | 132.1 |

Adjustments to revenue recognized as a result of changes in estimates for the judgments described above during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 for product shipped in previous periods were not material.
Actual product returns were approximately 1.5% and less than 0.1% of net revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Actual product returns were approximately 1.6% and 0.2% of net revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
12

Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table summarizes our revenue disaggregated by product category:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Companion Animal Disease Prevention | $ | 176.3 |  |  | $ | 223.4 |  |  | $ | 316.6 |  |  | $ | 409.3 |
Companion Animal Therapeutics | 78.0 |  |  | 83.4 |  |  | 143.8 |  |  | 164.8 |
Food Animal Future Protein & Health | 157.9 |  |  | 175.8 |  |  | 337.9 |  |  | 343.0 |
Food Animal Ruminants & Swine | 158.2 |  |  | 271.5 |  |  | 410.8 |  |  | 545.6 |
Strategic Exits(1) | 15.9 |  |  | 27.5 |  |  | 34.9 |  |  | 50.0 |
Revenue | $ | 586.3 |  |  | $ | 781.6 |  |  | $ | 1,244.0 |  |  | $ | 1,512.7 |

(1)Represents revenue from business activities we have either exited or made a strategic decision to exit.
Note 6. Acquisitions and Divestitures
2019 Acquisitions
During 2019, we completed the acquisitions of all outstanding shares of Aratana Therapeutics, Inc. (Aratana) and Prevtec Microbia Inc. (Prevtec). These transactions were accounted for as business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. Under this method, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their respective fair values as of the acquisition date in our condensed consolidated financial statements. The determination of estimated fair value required management to make significant estimates and assumptions. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the acquired net assets, where applicable, has been recorded as goodwill. The results of operations of these acquisitions are included in our condensed consolidated financial statements from the dates of acquisition.
Aratana Therapeutics, Inc.
On July 18, 2019, we acquired Aratana, a pet therapeutics company focused on innovative therapies for dogs and cats, for stock and cash-based contingent value rights. Aratana is the creator of the canine osteoarthritis medicine, Galliprant™, the rights to which we acquired in 2016. The acquisition enhances our presence in the areas of appetite stimulants in dogs, pain relief in dogs and cats, and treatments of other conditions in the U.S. and internationally. In connection with the acquisition, we issued approximately 7.2 million shares with a value of $238.0 million to Aratana shareholders, based on our stock price on the last trading day immediately prior to the closing date. The purchase consideration also included up to $12 million in contingent value rights, which represent the rights of Aratana shareholders to receive a contingent payment of $0.25 per share in cash upon the achievement of a specified milestone as outlined in the merger agreement. We calculated an immaterial fair value for the contingent value rights using the Monte Carlo simulation model.
Contingent consideration liabilities that we previously recorded for future royalty and milestone payments in relation to the 2016 acquisition of rights to Galliprant were settled upon the closing of our acquisition of Aratana. The liabilities were valued at $84.7 million as of the acquisition date using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The resulting $7.5 million loss upon settlement was recorded in other - net, (income) expense in the consolidated and combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019.
13

The following table summarizes the amounts recognized for assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:

Estimated Fair Value at July 18, 2019 |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 26.4 |
Inventories | 10.3 |
Acquired in-process research and development | 31.9 |
Marketed products (1) | 36.7 |
Other intangible assets (1) | 13.2 |
Other assets and liabilities - net | 4.1 |
Total identifiable net assets | 122.6 |
Goodwill (2) | 30.7 |
Settlement of existing contingent consideration liabilities | 84.7 |
Total consideration transferred | $ | 238.0 |

(1)These intangible assets, which are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, are expected to have a weighted average useful life of approximately 12.5 years.
(2)The goodwill recognized from this acquisition is attributable primarily to expected synergies from combining the operations of Aratana with our legacy business. The majority of goodwill associated with this acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes.
The accounting for this acquisition is complete. A $19.1 million measurement period adjustment was recorded to establish a deferred tax liability for the preexisting Galliprant contingent consideration liability during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.
We issued 0.1 million shares and recorded $3.6 million of stock-based compensation expense for the vesting of Aratana equity awards that was accelerated upon the closing of the acquisition during 2019.
Had Aratana been acquired on January 1, 2018, the unaudited pro forma combined revenues and income before income taxes of Elanco and Aratana would have been $1,520.6 million and $82.3 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Prevtec Microbia Inc.
On July 31, 2019, we acquired Prevtec in a cash transaction for approximately $60.3 million, inclusive of certain post-closing adjustments. Prevtec is a Canadian biotechnology company specializing in the development of vaccines intended to help prevent bacterial diseases in food animals. The acquisition allows us to expand on our previous distribution arrangement for Coliprotec™ and is consistent with our efforts to explore innovative antibiotic alternatives.
The purchase consideration included up to $16.3 million in additional cash consideration, contingent upon the achievement of specific sales milestones by December 31, 2021. We recorded a $4.7 million liability on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of the acquisition date based on the fair value of the contingent consideration as calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation model.
A previously existing $0.7 million receivable owed from Prevtec to Elanco Animal Health UK Limited was settled upon the closing of our acquisition of Prevtec. The resulting immaterial gain upon settlement was recorded in other - net, (income) expense in the consolidated and combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes the amounts recognized for assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:

Estimated Fair Value at July 31, 2019 |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 0.9 |
Property and equipment | 0.5 |
Acquired in-process research and development | 2.8 |
Marketed products (1) | 58.9 |
Other intangible assets | 1.1 |
Other assets and liabilities - net | (9.3) |
Total identifiable net assets | 54.9 |
Goodwill (2) | 10.1 |
Total consideration transferred | $ | 65.0 |

(1)These intangible assets, which are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, are expected to have a weighted average useful life of 10 years.
(2)The goodwill recognized from this acquisition is attributable primarily to expected synergies from combining the operations of Prevtec with our legacy business and future unidentified projects and products. The goodwill associated with this acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes.
The accounting for this acquisition is complete. An immaterial measurement period adjustment to deferred taxes was recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.
Pending Acquisition
Bayer Animal Health Business
On August 19, 2019, we entered into a Share and Asset Purchase Agreement (Purchase Agreement) with Bayer, a German corporation, to acquire Bayer's animal health business. Bayer's animal health business is a provider of products intended to improve the health and well-being of pets and farm animals. This acquisition is expected to expand our Companion Animal product category, advancing our planned intentional portfolio mix transformation and creating a better balance between our Food Animal and Companion Animal product categories. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and subject to the satisfaction of certain customary closing conditions, including the absence of any law or order enjoining or otherwise prohibiting the transaction in specified jurisdictions, we will purchase Bayer’s animal health business for $5.3 billion in cash and shares of our common stock equal to approximately $2.3 billion divided by the 20-day volume-weighted average stock price as of the last day of trading before the closing of the acquisition (but subject to a 7.5% symmetrical collar centered on the volume-weighted average price for the 30 trading days ended August 6, 2019 of $33.60). The transaction is expected to close in August 2020. See Note 14: Commitments and Contingencies for discussion regarding certain commitments related to this transaction.
Divestitures
In January 2020, we signed agreements to divest the worldwide rights to Osurnia™ and the U.S. rights to Capstar™, and in February 2020, we signed an agreement to divest the worldwide rights to Vecoxan™, for an aggregate of $285 million in all cash transactions. The agreements were signed with the intent to advance our efforts to secure the necessary regulatory clearances for the pending acquisition of the Bayer animal health business. The closing of these transactions is contingent on us entering into consent decrees with certain agencies in connection with the pending acquisition as well as customary closing conditions. On July 27, 2020, we completed the sale of our remaining interest in Osurnia. Cash proceeds from the sale were approximately $141.6 million. The divestitures of Capstar and Vecoxan, along with certain other immaterial divestitures, are expected to close contemporaneously with our acquisition of Bayer's animal health business.

The related assets for all three divestitures met the assets held for sale criteria as of June 30, 2020 and the assets for the Osurnia and Capstar divestitures met the assets held for sale criteria as of December 31, 2019. No adjustments were required to record the assets at the lower of their carrying amounts or fair values less costs to sell on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Assets and liabilities considered held for sale in connection with the divestitures were included in the respective line items on the consolidated balance sheet as follows:

| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Inventories | $ | 7.0 |  |  | $ | 10.6 |
Other intangibles, net | 100.0 |  |  | 61.2 |
Property and equipment, net | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |
Total assets held for sale | $ | 107.2 |  |  | $ | 72.0 |
Deferred taxes | $ | (3.4) |  |  | $ | (1.4) |
Total liabilities held for sale | $ | (3.4) |  |  | $ | (1.4) |

Other intangibles, net classified as held for sale primarily consist of marketed products. We determined that the disposal of these net assets does not qualify for reporting as a discontinued operation because it does not represent a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on our operations and financial results.
Note 7. Asset Impairment, Restructuring and Other Special Charges
In recent years, we have incurred substantial costs associated with restructuring programs and cost-reduction initiatives designed to achieve a flexible and competitive cost structure. Restructuring activities primarily include charges associated with facility rationalization and workforce reductions. In connection with our recent acquisitions and the pending acquisition of Bayer's animal health business, we have also incurred costs associated with executing transactions and integrating acquired operations, which may include expenditures for banking, legal, accounting, and other similar services. In addition, we have incurred costs to stand up our organization as an independent company. All operating functions can be impacted by these actions; therefore, non-cash expenses associated with our tangible and intangible assets can be incurred as a result of revised fair value projections and/or determinations to no longer utilize certain assets in the business on an ongoing basis.
For finite-lived intangible asset and other long-lived assets, whenever impairment indicators are present, we calculate the undiscounted value of projected cash flows associated with the asset, or group of assets, and compare it to the carrying amount. If the carrying amount is greater, we record an impairment loss for the excess of book value over fair value. Determinations of fair value can result from a complex series of judgments and rely on estimates and assumptions. See Note 2: Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for discussion regarding estimates and assumptions.

Components of asset impairment, restructuring and other special charges are as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Restructuring charges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and other costs (1) | $ | 0.6 |  |  | $ | (1.3) |  |  | $ | 1.0 |  |  | $ | (0.8) |
Facility exit costs | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | — |
Acquisition related charges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transaction and integration costs (2) | 111.1 |  |  | 33.1 |  |  | 187.4 |  |  | 53.5 |
Non-cash and other items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset impairment (3) (4) | 3.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 4.0 |
Asset write-down (5) | 1.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | — |
Gain on sale of fixed assets (6) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3.8) |  |  | — |
Settlements and other (7) | 3.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | — |
Total expense | $ | 119.4 |  |  | $ | 31.8 |  |  | $ | 194.2 |  |  | $ | 56.7 |

(1)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, these charges primarily related to the announced 2019 program to streamline operations in Speke, England as well as the remaining costs to close the Larchwood, Iowa facility.
(2)Transaction costs represent external costs directly related to acquiring businesses and primarily include expenditures for banking, legal, accounting and other similar services. Integration costs represent internal and external incremental costs directly related to integrating acquired businesses, including the pending acquisition of Bayer's animal health business (e.g., expenditures for consulting, system and process integration, and product transfers), as well as stand-up costs related to the implementation of new systems, programs, and processes due to the Separation from Lilly.
(3)Asset impairment charges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 related to the impairment of an in-process research and development asset resulting from a reassessment of geographic viability.
(4)Asset impairment charges for the six months ended June 30, 2019 related to an adjustment to fair value of intangible assets that were subject to product rationalization.
(5)Asset write-down expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 resulted from adjustments recorded to write assets classified as held and used down to their current fair value. These charges primarily related to fixed assets in Wusi, China in connection with the announced 2019 program to streamline operations.
(6)Represents a gain on the disposal from the sale of an R&D facility in Prince Edward Island, Canada, which was written down during the three months ended September 30, 2019 as part of the announced 2019 program to streamline operations.
(7)Charge primarily relates to a non-recurring litigation settlement for a matter that originated prior to the Separation.
The following table summarizes the activity in our reserves established in connection with restructuring activities:

| Facility exit costs |  | Severance |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 9.3 |  |  | $ | 35.1 |  |  | $ | 44.4 |
Charges | — |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 2.5 |
Reserve adjustments | — |  |  | (3.3) |  |  | (3.3) |
Cash paid | (1.7) |  |  | (13.8) |  |  | (15.5) |
Balance at June 30, 2019 | $ | 7.6 |  |  | $ | 20.5 |  |  | $ | 28.1 |
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 5.4 |  |  | $ | 15.5 |  |  | $ | 20.9 |
Charges | 0.7 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 2.4 |
Reserve adjustments | — |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | (0.7) |
Cash paid | (1.2) |  |  | (12.6) |  |  | (13.8) |
Balance at June 30, 2020 | $ | 4.9 |  |  | $ | 3.9 |  |  | $ | 8.8 |

17

These reserves are included in other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Substantially all of the reserves are expected to be paid in the next twelve months. We believe that the reserves are adequate.
Note 8. Inventories
We state all inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We use the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method for a portion of our inventories located in the continental U.S. Other inventories are valued by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. FIFO cost approximates current replacement cost.
Inventories consisted of the following:

| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Finished products | $ | 439.5 |  |  | $ | 402.9 |
Work in process | 575.4 |  |  | 603.2 |
Raw materials and supplies | 84.1 |  |  | 83.9 |
Total (approximates replacement cost) | 1,099.0 |  |  | 1,090.0 |
Decrease to LIFO cost | (33.7) |  |  | (39.3) |
Inventories | $ | 1,065.3 |  |  | $ | 1,050.7 |

Note 9. Equity
Common Stock Offering
On January 22, 2020, we entered into an underwriting agreement in which we agreed to sell approximately 22.7 million shares of our common stock at a public offering price of $32.00 per share. In connection with the offering, we granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to an additional 2.3 million shares, which was exercised in full on January 23, 2020. As a result, we issued and sold a total of approximately 25.0 million shares of our common stock for $767.5 million, after issuance costs.
Tangible Equity Unit (TEU) Offering
On January 22, 2020, we also completed our offering of 11 million, 5.00% TEUs. Total proceeds, net of issuance costs, were $528.5 million. Each TEU, which has a stated amount of $50, is comprised of a prepaid stock purchase contract (prepaid stock) and a senior amortizing note due February 1, 2023. Subsequent to issuance, each TEU may be legally separated into the two components. The prepaid stock is considered a freestanding financial instrument, indexed to Elanco common stock, and meets the conditions for equity classification.
The value allocated to the prepaid stock is reflected net of issuance costs in additional paid-in capital. The value allocated to the senior amortizing notes is reflected in long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheet, with payments expected in the next twelve months reflected in current portion of long-term debt. Issuance costs related to the amortizing notes are reflected as a reduction of the carrying amount and will be amortized through the maturity date using the effective interest rate method.
The proceeds from the issuance were allocated to equity and debt based on the relative fair value of the respective components of each TEU as follows:

|  | Equity Component |  | Debt Component |  | Total
Fair value per unit |  | $ | 42.80 |  |  | $ | 7.20 |  |  | $ | 50.00 |
Gross proceeds |  | $ | 470.8 |  |  | $ | 79.2 |  |  | $ | 550.0 |
Less: Issuance costs |  | 18.4 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 21.5 |
Net proceeds |  | $ | 452.4 |  |  | $ | 76.1 |  |  | $ | 528.5 |

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The senior amortizing notes have an aggregate principal amount of $79.2 million and bear interest at 2.75% per year. On each February 1, May 1, August 1, and November 1 until the maturity date, we will pay equal quarterly cash installments of $0.6250 per each amortizing note with an initial principal amount of $7.2007 (except for the first installment payment of $0.6528 per amortizing note due on May 1, 2020). Each installment constitutes a payment of interest and partial payment of principal, and in the aggregate will be equivalent to 5.00% per year with respect to the $50 stated amount per TEU.
Unless settled early at the holder’s or our election, each prepaid stock purchase contract will automatically settle on February 1, 2023 (the mandatory settlement date) for a number of shares of common stock per contract based on the average of the volume-weighted average trading prices during the 20 consecutive trading day period beginning on, and including the 21st scheduled trading day immediately preceding February 1, 2023 (applicable market value) with reference to the following settlement rates:

Applicable Market Value |  | Common Stock Issued
Equal to or greater than $38.40 |  | 1.3021 shares (minimum settlement rate)
Less than $38.40, but greater than $32.00 |  | $50 divided by applicable market value
Less than or equal to $32.00 |  | 1.5625 (maximum settlement rate)

The prepaid stock purchase contracts are mandatorily convertible into a minimum of 14.3 million shares or a maximum of 17.2 million shares of our common stock on the mandatory settlement date (unless redeemed by us or settled earlier at the unit holder's option). The 14.3 million minimum shares are included in the calculation of basic weighted average shares outstanding. The difference between the minimum and maximum shares represents potentially dilutive securities, which are included in the calculation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding on a pro rata basis to the extent that the average applicable market value is higher than $32.00 but is less than $38.40 during the period.
Note 10. Debt
Long-term debt consisted of the following:

| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Term credit facility | $ | — |  |  | $ | 371.4 |
3.912% Senior Notes due 2021 | 500.0 |  |  | 500.0 |
4.272% Senior Notes due 2023 | 750.0 |  |  | 750.0 |
4.900% Senior Notes due 2028 | 750.0 |  |  | 750.0 |
TEU amortizing notes | 72.6 |  |  | — |
Other obligations | 0.3 |  |  | 0.4 |
Unamortized debt issuance costs | (16.6) |  |  | (16.8) |
Total debt | 2,056.3 |  |  | 2,355.0 |
Less current portion of long-term debt | 25.9 |  |  | 24.5 |
Total long-term debt | $ | 2,030.4 |  |  | $ | 2,330.5 |

TEU Amortizing Notes
On January 22, 2020, we issued $550 million in TEUs. We offered 11 million, 5.00% TEUs at the stated amount of $50 per unit, comprised of prepaid stock purchase contracts and a senior amortizing note due February 1, 2023 (the mandatory settlement date). Total cash of $528.5 million was received, comprised of $452.4 million of prepaid stock purchase contracts and $76.1 million of senior amortizing notes, net of issuance costs. We paid $7.2 million representing partial payment of principal and interest on the TEU amortizing notes during the six months ended June 30, 2020. See Note 9: Equity for further information.
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Term Loan Extinguishment
On January 31, 2020, we repaid indebtedness outstanding under our existing term loan facility. We paid $372.4 million in cash, composed of $371.4 million of principal and $1.0 million of accrued interest, resulting in a debt extinguishment loss of $0.8 million (recognized in interest expense, net of capitalized interest in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2020) primarily related to the write-off of deferred debt issuance costs.
New Credit Facility
On February 4, 2020, we successfully priced our senior secured credit facilities, consisting of the following:
•Term loan B facility with an aggregate principal amount of $4,275.0 million and a maturity of seven years.
•Revolving credit facility providing up to $750.0 million and a maturity of five years.
The term loan B facility was priced at par at LIBOR plus 175 basis points, and the revolving loan facility is expected to bear interest at LIBOR plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.50% and 2.25% per annum based on our corporate family rating or corporate credit rating.
We intend to use the proceeds from the equity and debt activities to finance the cash portion of the pending acquisition of Bayer's animal health business and to pay related fees and expenses. As a result, we have obtained substantially all of the financing necessary to consummate the acquisition and do not currently intend to pursue any additional financing previously provided under the commitment letter obtained in August 2019 (see Note 14: Commitments and Contingencies). We expect to execute the debt agreements upon closing the acquisition of Bayer's animal health business.
The senior secured credit facilities are expected to include two financial maintenance covenants which are solely for the benefit of lenders under the revolving credit facility and no financial maintenance covenant for the benefit of the term loan B facility. The lenders under the term loan B facility will have no enforcement rights with respect to the financial maintenance covenants for the revolving credit facility.
We expect the first financial maintenance covenant for the revolving credit facility to be a requirement to maintain a certain pro forma net total leverage ratio level (which will not be subject to step-downs) as of the end of each quarter, beginning with the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2020 (assuming the closing of the acquisition of Bayer's animal health business occurs in early August 2020). The required level of this covenant will be based on closing date pro forma net leverage and pro forma adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) equal to 65% of our pro forma adjusted EBITDA for the four fiscal quarters ending June 30, 2020 (assuming the closing of the acquisition of Bayer's animal health business occurs in early August 2020).
The second financial maintenance covenant for the revolving credit facility is expected to be a requirement to maintain a ratio of pro forma adjusted EBITDA to cash interest expense of no less than 2.00 to 1.00, tested as of the end of each fiscal quarter, beginning with the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2020 (assuming the closing of the acquisition of Bayer's animal health business occurs in early August 2020).
Deferred financing costs of approximately $27.3 million, consisting of legal, accounting and other fees relating to our new credit facility, are capitalized within other noncurrent assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2020. We expect to defer an additional $35.8 million in arrangement fees upon executing the debt agreements, which will be offset against the debt proceeds. Deferred financing costs will be recorded as a contra-liability and presented net against long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at the time of issuance.
Note 11. Financial Instruments and Fair Value
Financial instruments that are potentially subject to credit risk consist principally of trade receivables. Collateral is generally not required. The risk associated with this concentration is mitigated by our ongoing credit-review procedures.
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A large portion of our cash is held in a few major financial institutions. We monitor the exposure with these institutions and do not expect any of these institutions to fail to meet their obligations. All highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase are considered to be cash equivalents. The cost of these investments approximates fair value. We also consider the carrying value of restricted cash balances to be representative of its fair value.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had $19.6 million and $18.8 million, respectively, primarily related to equity method investments included in other noncurrent assets o n our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
The following table summarizes the fair value information at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 for foreign exchange contract assets (liabilities), contingent consideration liabilities, net investment hedge assets (liabilities) and cash flow hedge assets (liabilities) measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the respective balance sheet line items, as well as long-term debt (including TEU amortizing notes) for which fair value is disclosed on a recurring basis:

|  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial statement line item | Carrying Amount |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Fair Value
June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid expenses and other - foreign exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments | $ | 14.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14.6 |
Other current liabilities - foreign exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments | (17.1) |  |  | — |  |  | (17.1) |  |  | — |  |  | (17.1) |
Other noncurrent liabilities - contingent consideration | (2.6) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2.6) |  |  | (2.6) |
Other noncurrent liabilities - forward-starting interest rate contracts designated as cash flow hedges | (77.3) |  |  | — |  |  | (77.3) |  |  | — |  |  | (77.3) |
Long-term debt - senior notes | (2,000.0) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,137.0) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,137.0) |
TEU amortizing note (1) | (72.6) |  |  | — |  |  | (72.6) |  |  | — |  |  | (72.6) |
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid expenses and other - foreign exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.8 |
Other current liabilities - foreign exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments | (1.1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1.1) |
Other noncurrent liabilities - contingent consideration | (4.7) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4.7) |  |  | (4.7) |
Other noncurrent assets - cross currency interest rate contracts designated as net investment hedges | 2.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.3 |
Long-term debt - senior notes | (2,000.0) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,120.6) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,120.6) |
Long-term debt - term credit facility (1) | (371.4) |  |  | — |  |  | (371.4) |  |  | — |  |  | (371.4) |

(1)We consider the carrying value to be representative of its fair value.
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We determine our Level 2 fair value measurements based on a market approach using quoted market values or significant other observable inputs for identical or comparable assets or liabilities.
Contingent consideration liabilities as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 related to contingent consideration associated with the acquisitions of Aratana and Prevtec during 2019. For Aratana, we will pay up to $12 million in contingent value rights that are dependent on the achievement of a specified milestone as outlined in the merger agreement. For Prevtec, based on the terms of the purchase agreement, we will pay up to $16.3 million contingent upon the achievement of specific Coliprotec sales milestones by December 31, 2021. The fair value of both contingent consideration liabilities was estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation model and Level 3 inputs including historical revenue, discount rate, asset volatility, and revenue volatility. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, primarily as a result of a decrease in forecasted revenues related to Coliprotec, we decreased the fair value of the contingent consideration liability associated with the Prevtec acquisition by $2.1 million, and recognized the gain in other – net, (income) expense in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. See Note 6: Acquisitions and Divestitures for further discussion.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
We are exposed to market risks, such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. To manage the volatility related to these exposures, we have entered into various derivative transactions. We formally assess, designate and document, as a hedge of an underlying exposure, each qualifying derivative instrument that will be accounted for as an accounting hedge at inception. Additionally, we assess, both at inception and at least quarterly thereafter, whether the financial instruments used in the hedging transaction are effective at offsetting changes in either the fair values or cash flows of the underlying exposures.
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
We may enter into foreign exchange forward or option contracts to reduce the effect of fluctuating currency exchange rates. These derivative financial instruments primarily offset exposures in the British pound, Canadian dollar, Euro, Japanese yen and Swiss franc (CHF). Foreign currency derivatives used for hedging are put in place using the same or like currencies and duration as the underlying exposures and are recorded at fair value with the gain or loss recognized in other – net, (income) expense in the condensed consolidated income statement. Forward contracts generally have maturities not exceeding 12 months. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had outstanding foreign exchange contracts with aggregate notional amounts of $910.3 million and $861.2 million, respectively.
The amount of net gain/(loss) on derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments, recorded in other - net, (income) expense are as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Foreign exchange forward contracts (1) | $ | (6.3) |  |  | $ | 6.7 |  |  | $ | 21.7 |  |  | $ | (1.3) |

(1)These amounts were substantially offset in other – net, (income) expense by the effect of changing exchange rates on the underlying foreign currency exposures.
Derivatives Designated as Hedges
In October 2018, as a means of mitigating the impact of currency fluctuations on our operations in Switzerland, we entered into a five-year cross-currency fixed interest rate swap with a 750 million CHF notional amount, which was designated as a net investment hedge (NIH) against CHF denominated assets (the fair value of which was estimated based on quoted market values of similar hedges and was classified as Level 2). During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we fully liquidated our cross currency interest rate swaps for a cash benefit of $35.1 million (including $2.4 million in interest). Notwithstanding settlement, gains and losses within accumulated other comprehensive loss will remain in accumulated other comprehensive loss until either the sale or substantial liquidation of the hedged subsidiary.
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Gains on the NIH, recognized within interest expense, net of capitalized interest, are as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 6.1 |  |  | $ | 6.2 |  |  | $ | 12.2 |

Over the life of the derivative, gains or losses due to spot rate fluctuations were recorded in cumulative translation adjustment in other comprehensive income. The amounts of net gains on interest rate swap contracts, recorded, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), are as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 6.8 |  |  | $ | 24.0 |  |  | $ | 5.4 |

Separately, in March 2020, as a means of mitigating variability in cash flows associated with the anticipated term loan B issuance, we executed forward-starting interest rate swaps with a $4.05 billion notional amount, which are designated as cash flow hedges and have settlement dates ranging between 2022 and 2025. These instruments effectively convert floating-rate debt to fixed-rate debt. The cash flow hedges are recorded at fair value on our condensed consolidated balance sheet, while changes in the fair value of the hedge are recognized in other comprehensive income. Fair value is estimated based on quoted market values of similar hedges and is classified as Level 2. Amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss will be recognized in earnings in interest expense, net of capitalized interest when the hedged transaction affects earnings (i.e., when interest payments are accrued on the term loan B). During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded a loss of $20.7 million (net of tax benefit of $6.0 million) and $59.9 million (net of tax benefit of $17.4 million), respectively, on the cash flow hedges in other comprehensive loss. Over the next 12 months we expect to reclassify $21.0 million from accumulated other comprehensive loss to interest expense, net of capitalized interest due to the amortization of net losses on the interest rate swaps.
Note 12. Leases
Australia Sale-Leaseback
On June 26, 2020, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Elanco Australasia PTY LTD, sold land and an R&D facility located in New South Wales, Australia, for aggregate proceeds of $55.1 million, and leased the property back for an initial term of 15 years through a sale-leaseback transaction. Under the terms of the purchase and sale agreement, we determined that control of the assets was relinquished to the buyer-lessor. Therefore, we recognized a pre-tax gain on the sale of $45.6 million in other - net, (income) expense in the condensed consolidated statement of operations during the three months ended June 30, 2020. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities include the present value of $27.8 million for the associated lease payments, which are presented in other noncurrent assets and other noncurrent liabilities and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2020.
Note 13. Income Taxes

Provision for Taxes on Income |  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Income tax (benefit) expense |  | $ | (23.9) |  |  | $ | 14.3 |  |  | $ | (42.6) |  |  | $ | 27.6 |
Effective tax rate |  | 30.9 | % |  | 28.5 | % |  | 29.4 | % |  | 29.0 | %

Our income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, reflect the results on a stand-alone basis independent of Lilly, except for the period during which we were included in a combined tax return until full separation. In the jurisdictions in which we were included in a combined tax return, our income taxes were determined based on the tax matters agreement between us and Lilly. Prior to the Separation, the income tax
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expense included in these financial statements has been calculated using the separate return basis as if Elanco filed separate tax returns.
In 2017, the U.S. enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (2017 Tax Act), which significantly revised U.S. tax law. Guidance related to the 2017 Tax Act, including Notices, Proposed Regulations, and Final Regulations, has been issued, and we expect additional guidance will be issued in 2020. This additional guidance could materially impact our assumptions and estimates used to record our U.S. federal and state income tax expense resulting from the 2017 Tax Act.
We are included in Lilly's U.S. tax examinations by the Internal Revenue Service through the full separation date of March 11, 2019. Pursuant to the tax matters agreement we executed with Lilly in connection with the IPO, the potential liabilities or potential refunds attributable to pre-IPO periods in which Elanco was included in a Lilly consolidated or combined tax return remain with Lilly. During the fourth quarter of 2019, the IRS began its examination of tax years 2016 - 2018. Because the examination is still in the early stages of information gathering, the resolution of the audit will likely extend beyond the next 12 months.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we recognized an income tax benefit of $23.9 million and $42.6 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, our effective tax rate of 30.9% and 29.4%, respectively, differs from the statutory income tax rate primarily due to changes in the expected geographical mix of profits and the impact of U.S. tax on non-U.S. earnings as a result of U.S. tax reform.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we incurred $14.3 million and $27.6 million, respectively, of income tax expense. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, our effective tax rate of 28.5% and 29.0%, respectively, differs from the statutory income tax rate primarily due to a one-time foreign exchange gain on the transfer of assets upon separation in addition to the impact of state income taxes.
Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal matters
On May 20, 2020, a shareholder class action lawsuit captioned Hunter v. Elanco Animal Health Inc., et al. was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana (the Court) against Elanco, Jeffrey Simmons and Todd Young. The lawsuit alleges, in part, that Elanco and certain of its executives made materially false and/or misleading statements and/or failed to disclose certain facts about Elanco’s supply chain, inventory, revenue and projections. The lawsuit seeks unspecified monetary damages and purports to represent purchasers of Elanco securities between January 10, 2020 and May 6, 2020. The Court is currently considering lead plaintiff motions. We believe the claims made in the case are meritless, and we intend to vigorously defend our position. The process of resolving these matters is inherently uncertain and may develop over an extended period of time; therefore, at this time, the ultimate resolution cannot be predicted.
We are party to various other legal actions in the normal course of business. In determining whether a pending matter is significant for financial reporting and disclosure purposes, we consider both quantitative and qualitative factors in order to assess materiality. We accrue for certain liability claims to the extent that we can formulate a reasonable estimate of their costs and there is a reasonable probability of incurring significant costs or expenses. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had no material liabilities established related to litigation as there were no significant claims which were probable and estimable. We have not historically had any significant litigation expense and are not currently subject to a significant claim other than the lawsuit noted above.
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Bayer Animal Health acquisition fees
In connection with our pending acquisition of the animal health business of Bayer as discussed in Note 6: Acquisitions and Divestitures, in August 2019, we entered into a commitment letter that provides for financing consisting of up to $750 million in a revolving facility, $3.0 billion in a term facility and $2.75 billion in a senior secured bridge facility. In connection with the financing commitment letter, we will incur fixed commitment fees of $40.4 million that will become due and payable upon the closing of the pending acquisition or the termination of the Purchase Agreement with Bayer. In addition, we expect to incur approximately $22.5 million in advisory fees that are contingent upon closing the pending acquisition. These fees have not been recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2020. As a result of the financing secured for the acquisition through the equity and debt activity during the first quarter of 2020, we no longer intend to use the full financing pursuant to the commitment letter. See Note 9: Equity and Note 10: Debt for more information.
Note 15. Geographic Information
We operate as a single operating segment engaged in the development, manufacturing, marketing and sales of animal health products worldwide for both food animals and companion animals. Consistent with our operational structure, our President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), as the chief operating decision maker, makes resource allocation and business process decisions globally across our consolidated business. Strategic decisions are managed globally with global functional leaders responsible for determining significant cost/investments and with regional leaders responsible for overseeing the execution of the global strategy. Our global research and development organization is responsible for development of new products. Our manufacturing organization is responsible for the manufacturing and supply of products and for the optimization of our supply chain. Regional leaders are responsible for the distribution and sale of our products and for local direct costs. The business is also supported by global corporate staff functions. Managing and allocating resources at the global corporate level enables our CEO to assess the overall level of resources available and how to best deploy these resources across functions, product types, regional commercial organizations and research and development projects in line with our overarching long-term corporate-wide strategic goals, rather than on a product or geographic basis. Consistent with this decision-making process, our CEO uses consolidated, single-segment financial information for purposes of evaluating performance, allocating resources, setting incentive compensation targets, as well as forecasting future period financial results.
Our products include Rumensin™, Optaflexx™, Denagard™, Tylan™, Maxiban™ and other products for livestock and poultry, as well as Trifexis™, Intercepto r™, Comfortis™, Galliprant and other products for companion animals.
We have a single customer that accounted for 10.4% and 12.5% of revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and for 12.1% and 12.2% of revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The product sales resulted in accounts receivable with this customer of $50.0 million and $90.5 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
We are exposed to the risk of changes in social, political and economic conditions inherent in foreign operations and our results of operations and the value of our foreign assets are affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
Selected geographic area information was as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Revenue—to unaffiliated customers (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 248.1 |  |  | $ | 395.0 |  |  | $ | 548.0 |  |  | $ | 778.9 |
International | 338.2 |  |  | 386.6 |  |  | 696.0 |  |  | 733.8 |
Revenue | $ | 586.3 |  |  | $ | 781.6 |  |  | $ | 1,244.0 |  |  | $ | 1,512.7 |

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| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Long-lived assets (2) |  |  |
United States | $ | 737.5 |  |  | $ | 709.8 |
United Kingdom | 186.9 |  |  | 192.6 |
Other foreign countries | 262.4 |  |  | 244.7 |
Long-lived assets | $ | 1,186.8 |  |  | $ | 1,147.1 |

(1)Revenue is attributed to the countries based on the location of the customer.
(2)Long-lived assets consist of property and equipment, net, and certain noncurrent assets, including right-of-use assets.
Note 16. Earnings Per Share
Basic Earnings Per Share
We compute basic earnings (loss) per share by dividing net earnings (loss) available to common shareholders by the actual weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the reporting period. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate basic earnings per share includes the impact of approximately 25.0 million shares and 14.3 million shares, respectively, relating to the common stock issued in connection with the January 2020 common stock offering and the shares of common stock issuable at the minimum settlement rate under the TEU prepaid stock purchase contracts. See Note 9: Equity for further discussion.
Diluted Earnings Per Share
Elanco has variable common stock equivalents relating to certain equity awards in stock-based compensation arrangements and the TEU prepaid stock purchase contracts. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if holders of the unvested equity awards and unsettled TEUs converted their holdings into common stock. The weighted average number of potentially dilutive shares outstanding is calculated using the treasury stock method.
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding included common stock equivalents of 1.3 million and 0.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.
Potential common shares that would have the effect of increasing diluted earnings per share are considered to be anti-dilutive and as such, these shares are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we reported a net loss. Therefore, dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued since their effect is anti-dilutive. As a result, basic and diluted weighted average shares are the same, causing diluted net loss per share to be equivalent to basic net loss per share.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, approximately 0.1 million shares of potential common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their effect was anti-dilutive.
Note 17. Related Party Agreements and Transactions
Transactions with Lilly Subsequent to Separation and Related to the Separation
Amounts due from/(due to) Lilly in connection with the Separation and agreed upon services were as follows:

| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
TSA | $ | (10.9) |  |  | $ | 10.5 |
Other activities | (2.5) |  |  | (15.8) |
Local country asset purchases | (10.7) |  |  | (11.1) |
Total payable to Lilly | $ | (24.1) |  |  | $ | (16.4) |

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As described in Note 1, we completed an IPO in September 2018 and Lilly fully divested all ownership of Elanco in March 2019. In connection with the Separation, we entered into various agreements with Lilly related to the form of our separation and certain ongoing activities that will continue for a period of time. These included, among others, a master separation agreement (MSA), a TSA and a tax matters agreement. In addition, there was a portion of our operations for which the legal transfer of our net assets did not occur prior to the Separation due to certain regulatory requirements in each of these countries.
Transitional Services Agreement (TSA)
Historically, Lilly has provided us significant shared services and resources related to corporate functions such as executive oversight, treasury, legal, finance, human resources, tax, internal audit, financial reporting, information technology and investor relations, which we refer to collectively as the "Lilly Services." Under the terms of the TSA, we are able to use Lilly Services for a fixed term established on a service-by-service basis. We pay Lilly mutually agreed-upon fees for the Lilly Services provided under the TSA, which are based on Lilly's cost (including third-party costs) of providing the Lilly Services through March 31, 2021, and subject to a mark-up of 7% thereafter, with additional inflation-based escalation beginning January 1, 2022. The fees under the TSA became payable for all periods beginning after October 1, 2018.
Separation Activities
Subsequent to our IPO, there continue to be transactions between us and Lilly related primarily to the completion of the local country asset purchases and finalization of assets and liabilities associated with the legal separation from Lilly, combined income tax returns and the impact of the tax matters agreement, historical Lilly retirement benefits, and centralized cash management. The most significant of these activities includes the finalization of the local country valuation of business and the resulting impact on deferred tax assets and the impact of combined tax returns.
Other Activities
We continue to share certain services and back office functions with Lilly, which in certain instances result in Lilly paying costs for Elanco (e.g., utilities, local country operating costs, etc.) that are then passed through to Elanco for reimbursement. These amounts are included in cash flows from operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. In addition, we operate through a single treasury settlement process and prior to the local country asset purchases (as described below) continued to transact through Lilly's processes in certain instances. As a result of these activities, there were certain amounts of financing that occurred between Lilly and Elanco during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2020. These amounts are included in cash flows from financing activities in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
Local Country Asset Purchases
The legal transfer of certain of our net assets did not occur prior to the Separation due to certain regulatory requirements in each of these countries. The related assets, liabilities, and results of operations have been reported in our condensed consolidated financial statements, as we are responsible for the business activities conducted by Lilly on our behalf and are subject to the risks and entitled to the benefits generated by these operations and assets under the terms of the MSA. We held restricted cash, and the associated payable to Lilly, at the date of Separation to fund the acquisition of these assets. As of June 30, 2020, the majority of these assets have been legally acquired and the remainder are expected to be purchased during 2020. Restricted cash and Payable to Lilly of $10.7 million are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet for the remainder of the assets expected to be purchased by the end of 2020.
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Transactions with Lilly Prior to Full Separation
Prior to the IPO, we did not operate as a standalone business and had various relationships with Lilly whereby Lilly provided services to us. The impact on our historical combined financial statements includes the following:
Stock-based Compensation
Prior to full separation, our employees participated in Lilly stock-based compensation plans, the costs of which were allocated to us and recorded in cost of sales, research and development, and marketing, selling and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The costs of such plans related to our employees were $5.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tables present dollars in millions, except per-share data)
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is intended to assist the reader in understanding and assessing significant changes and trends related to our results of operations and financial position. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Certain statements in this Item 2 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitute forward-looking statements. Various risks and uncertainties, including those discussed in "Forward-Looking Statements," Item 1A, "Risk Factors," of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, may cause our actual results, financial position, and cash generated from operations to differ materially from these forward-looking statements.
Overview
Founded in 1954 as part of Eli Lilly and Company (Lilly), Elanco is a premier animal health company that innovates, develops, manufactures and markets products for companion and food animals. Headquartered in Greenfield, Indiana, we are the fourth largest animal health company in the world, with revenue of $3,071.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Globally, we are #1 in medicinal feed additives, #2 in poultry, and #3 in other pharmaceuticals, which are mainly companion animal therapeutics, measured by 2019 revenue, according to Vetnosis.
We have one of the broadest portfolios of pet parasiticides in the companion animal sector. We offer a diverse portfolio of more than 125 brands that make us a trusted partner to veterinarians and food animal producers in more than 90 countries.
On September 24, 2018, we completed our initial public offering (IPO), pursuant to which we issued and sold 19.8% of our total outstanding shares. On September 20, 2018, our common stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol “ELAN.” On September 24, 2018, immediately preceding the completion of the IPO, Lilly transferred to us substantially all of its animal health businesses in exchange for (i) all of the net proceeds (approximately $1,659.7 million) we received from the sale of our common stock in the IPO, including the net proceeds we received as a result of the exercise in full of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, (ii) all of the net proceeds (approximately $2,000 million) we received from the issuance of our senior notes; and (iii) all of the net proceeds ($498.6 million) we received from the entry into our term loan facility. In addition, immediately prior to the completion of the IPO, we entered into certain agreements with Lilly that provide a framework for our ongoing relationship with them.
On February 8, 2019, Lilly announced an exchange offer whereby Lilly shareholders could exchange all or a portion of Lilly common stock for shares of Elanco common stock owned by Lilly. On that date, we filed a Registration Statement on Form S-4 with the SEC in connection with that exchange offer. The disposition of Elanco shares was completed on March 11, 2019, and resulted in the full separation of Elanco along with the disposal of Lilly's entire ownership and voting interest in Elanco.
We operate our business in a single segment directed at fulfilling our vision of enriching the lives of people through food, making protein more accessible and affordable and through pet companionship, helping pets live longer, healthier lives. We advance our vision by offering products in four primary categories:
Companion Animal Disease Prevention (CA Disease Prevention): We have one of the broadest parasiticide portfolios in the companion animal sector based on indications, species and formulations, with products that protect pets from worms, fleas and ticks. Combining our parasiticide portfolio with our vaccines presence, we are a leader in the U.S. in the disease prevention category based on share of revenue.
Companion Animal Therapeutics (CA Therapeutics): We have a broad pain and osteoarthritis portfolio across species, modes of action, indications and disease stages. Pet owners are increasingly treating osteoarthritis in their pets, and our Galliprant™ product is one of the fastest growing osteoarthritis treatments in the U.S. We also have treatments for otitis (ear infections), as well as cardiovascular and dermatology indications.
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Food Animal Future Protein & Health (FA Future Protein & Health): Our portfolio in this category, which includes vaccines, nutritional enzymes and animal only antibiotics, serves the growing demand for protein and includes innovative products in poultry and aquaculture production, where demand for animal health products is outpacing overall industry growth. We are focused on developing functional nutritional health products that promote food animal health, including enzymes, probiotics and prebiotics. We are a leader in providing vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics to promote animal health based on share of revenue.
Food Animal Ruminants & Swine (FA Ruminants & Swine): We have developed a range of food animal products used extensively in ruminant (e.g., cattle, sheep and goats) and swine production.
A summary of our 2020 revenue and net income compared with the same period in 2019 is as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Revenue | $ | 586.3 |  |  | $ | 781.6 |  |  | $ | 1,244.0 |  |  | $ | 1,512.7 |
Net income (loss) | (53.2) |  |  | 35.9 |  |  | (102.3) |  |  | 67.4 |

Increases or decreases in inventory levels at our channel distributors can positively or negatively impact our quarterly and annual revenue results, leading to variations in quarterly revenues. This can be a result of various factors, such as end customer demand, new customer contracts, heightened and generic competition, the need for certain inventory levels, our ability to renew distribution contracts with expected terms, our ability to implement commercial strategies, regulatory restrictions, unexpected customer behavior, proactive measures taken by us in response to shifting market dynamics, payment terms we extend, which are subject to internal policies, and procedures and environmental factors beyond our control, including weather conditions and the COVID-19 global pandemic.
Key Trends and Conditions Affecting Our Results of Operations
Industry Trends
The animal health industry, which includes both food animals and companion animals, is a growing industry that benefits billions of people worldwide.
As demand for animal protein grows, food animal health is becoming increasingly important. We believe that factors influencing growth in demand for food animal medicines and vaccines include:
•one in three people needing improved nutrition;
•increased global demand for protein, particularly poultry and aquaculture;
•natural resource constraints, such as scarcity of arable land, fresh water and increased competition for cultivated land, driving the need for more efficient food production;
•loss of productivity due to food animal disease and death;
•increased focus on food safety and food security; and
•human population growth, increased standards of living, particularly in many emerging markets, and increased urbanization.
Growth in food animal nutritional health products (enzymes, probiotics and prebiotics) is influenced, among other factors, by demand for antibiotic alternatives that can promote animal health and increase productivity.
We believe that factors influencing growth in demand for companion animal medicines and vaccines include:
•increased pet ownership globally;
•pets living longer; and
•increased pet spending as pets are viewed as members of the family by owners.
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Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
COVID-19 Pandemic
The outbreak of COVID-19 originating in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has since rapidly increased its exposure globally. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a pandemic. We continue to monitor the global outbreak of COVID-19 and are working with our customers, employees, suppliers and other stakeholders to mitigate the risks posed by its spread. The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the economy in the United States and globally, and has had an effect on the operations of our company, vendors and suppliers, and supply of and demand for our products as follows:
Operations
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, governmental authorities have implemented and are continuing to implement numerous and constantly evolving measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, limits on gatherings, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, site closures and business shutdowns. These measures have affected the ability of our employees, vendors, and suppliers to perform their respective responsibilities and obligations relative to the conduct of our business. We have important manufacturing operations worldwide that have been impacted by the outbreak. Measures requiring business shutdowns generally exclude certain essential services, and those essential services commonly include critical infrastructure and the businesses that support that critical infrastructure. Because the animal health industry has been designated an essential business, our manufacturing and research facilities remain operational, while our employees in other company functions are primarily working remotely. These measures have impacted and may further impact our workforce and operations, as well as those of our customers, vendors and suppliers.
Supply
In the second quarter, we have not experienced any significant impacts or interruptions to our supply chain as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as the pandemic continues, we may face supply chain disruptions due to operational difficulties experienced by our suppliers in light of government-ordered restrictions and shelter-in-place mandates. Although we regularly monitor the financial health of companies in our supply chain, the financial hardship on our suppliers caused by the COVID-19 pandemic could cause a disruption in our ability to obtain raw materials or components required to manufacture our products, adversely affecting our operations. Freight processes relating to the shipment of our finished goods have been disrupted and have resulted in higher shipping costs, which has negatively impacted our profitability.
Demand
The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted global economic conditions. In particular, the COVID-19 pandemic has created near-term uncertainty for our channel distribution partners with respect to end customer demand and working capital. Based on these factors, in addition to a shift in tactics for demand generation with our distributors, in the first and second quarters of 2020, we reduced the amount of inventory held in the channel. We anticipate that decreases in end customer demand may impact our companion animal business, primarily in clinically administered pharmaceutical products such as vaccines, and in international markets, as social distancing guidelines have decreased veterinary visits, reduced veterinary practice revenue and increased working capital considerations for all parties in the value chain. In our food animal business, demand has been negatively impacted by processing plant closures, a backlog of animals ready for processing and pressured producer economics, as well as an effort by dairy farmers to decrease milk production, which could impact demand for a number of our food animal products. While the impact is most significant for the U.S. livestock industry, the pressure has occurred globally and across species. We anticipate that decreases in demand as compared to prior year will continue to occur, particularly in the food animal business, throughout the rest of the year.
Our third party distributors may face difficulties maintaining operations and normal liquidity in light of government-mandated restrictions. Due to liquidity and working capital pressure caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, our distributors are managing inventory more tightly. In response to this along with a shift in tactics for demand generation with our distributors, we reduced channel inventory levels during the first half of 2020 as we tighten our approach across all facets of our distributor relationships. These actions have allowed us to improve working capital management, implement new compensation structures with our distributors and enable greater control of overall stock levels. We continue to monitor the impacts on our customers' liquidity and therefore our ability to collect on our
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accounts receivable. While our allowance on these receivables factors in expected credit losses, continued disruption and declines in the global economy could result in difficulties in our ability to collect, which we have not experienced on a material basis at this time. If significant issues with collections occur, material increases in our allowance for doubtful accounts may be required.
Product Development and New Product Launches
A key element of our targeted value creation strategy is to drive growth through portfolio development and product innovation, primarily in our three targeted growth categories of CA Disease Prevention, CA Therapeutics and FA Future Protein & Health. Since 2015, we have launched or acquired 14 new products, including the additions of Entyce™, Nocita™ and Tanovea™ in 2019 through acquisition and business development activities. Revenue from these products contributed $215.2 million to revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2020. We continue to pursue the development of new chemical and biological molecules through our approach to innovation. Our future growth and success depends on both our pipeline of new products, including new products that we may develop through joint ventures and products that we are able to obtain through license or acquisition, including the acquisition of Bayer's animal health business, and the expansion of the use of our existing products. We believe we are an industry leader in animal health R&D, with a track record of product innovation, business development and commercialization.
Productivity
Our results during the periods presented have benefited from operational and productivity initiatives implemented following recent acquisitions and in response to changing market demand for antibiotics and other headwinds.
Our acquisitions within the last six years added in the aggregate $1.4 billion in revenue, 4,600 full-time employees, 12 manufacturing and eight R&D sites. In addition, from 2015 to 2019, changing market demand for antibiotics and other headwinds, such as competition with generics and innovation, affected some of our highest gross margin products, resulting in a change to our product mix and driving operating margin lower. In response, we implemented a number of initiatives across the manufacturing, R&D and selling, general and administrative (SG&A) functions. Our manufacturing cost savings strategies included improving manufacturing processes and headcount through lean manufacturing (minimizing waste while maintaining productivity), closing of three manufacturing sites, consolidating our CMO network, strategically insourcing certain projects, and pursuing cost savings opportunities with respect to raw materials via a new procurement process. Additional cost savings resulted from reducing the number of R&D sites from 16 to nine, SG&A savings from sales force consolidation, and reducing discretionary and other general and administrative (G&A) operating expense.
Foreign Exchange Rates
Significant portions of our revenue and costs are exposed to changes in foreign exchange rates. Our products are sold in more than 90 countries and, as a result, our revenue is influenced by changes in foreign exchange rates. During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, approximately 49% and 42%, respectively, of our revenue was denominated in foreign currencies. As we operate in multiple foreign currencies, including the Euro, British pound, Swiss franc, Brazilian real, Australian dollar, Japanese yen, Canadian dollar, Chinese yuan, and other currencies, changes in those currencies relative to the U.S. dollar impact our revenue, cost of sales and expenses, and consequently, net income. These fluctuations may also affect the ability to buy and sell our products between markets impacted by significant exchange rate variances. Currency movements decreased revenue by 2% during the six months ended June 30, 2020. Currency movements had limited impact on revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Our Relationship with Lilly and Additional Standalone Costs
We are currently investing in expanding our own administrative functions, including, but not limited to, information technology, facilities management, distribution, human resources, and manufacturing, to replace services previously provided by Lilly. Because of initial stand up costs and overlaps with services previously provided by Lilly, we have incurred and expect to continue to incur certain temporary, duplicative expenses in connection with the Separation. We have also incurred and expect to continue to incur costs related to the build out of processes and systems to support finance and global supply and logistics, among others. We currently estimate these costs taken together to be in a range from $240 million to $290 million, net of potential real estate dispositions and employee benefit changes, of which a portion will be capitalized and the remainder will be expensed.
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In connection with the IPO, we incurred $2.5 billion of long-term borrowings. We have estimated interest expense of approximately $99 million on an annual basis based on our borrowings as of June 30, 2020.
As a result of the IPO, we became subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We continue to establish and expand additional procedures and practices as a standalone public company. As a result, we continue to incur additional costs as a standalone public company compared to the prior period, including internal audit, external audit, investor relations, stock administration, stock exchange fees and regulatory compliance costs.
Asset Impairment, Restructuring and Other Special Charges
Our results have been impacted by asset impairment, restructuring and other special charges, including integration of acquired businesses, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. These charges primarily include severance costs resulting from actions taken to reduce our cost structure, asset impairment charges related to product rationalization and site closures, and charges and costs related to our integration efforts as a result of our acquired businesses and the pending acquisition of Bayer's animal health business, external costs directly related to acquiring businesses, including expenses for banking, legal, accounting, and other similar services, and costs to stand our organization up to be an independent company.
For more information on these charges, see Note 7: Asset Impairment, Restructuring and Other Special Charges in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our results of operations should be read along with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto.

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | % Change |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | % Change
Revenue | $ | 586.3 |  |  | $ | 781.6 |  |  | (25) | % |  | $ | 1,244.0 |  |  | $ | 1,512.7 |  |  | (18) | %
Costs, expenses and other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | 295.9 |  |  | 356.0 |  |  | (17) | % |  | 628.6 |  |  | 699.8 |  |  | (10) | %
% of revenue | 50 | % |  | 46 | % |  | 4 | % |  | 51 | % |  | 46 | % |  | 5 | %
Research and development | 59.4 |  |  | 68.8 |  |  | (14) | % |  | 126.2 |  |  | 132.9 |  |  | (5) | %
% of revenue | 10 | % |  | 9 | % |  | 1 | % |  | 10 | % |  | 9 | % |  | 1 | %
Marketing, selling and administrative | 162.8 |  |  | 200.9 |  |  | (19) | % |  | 344.8 |  |  | 382.0 |  |  | (10) | %
% of revenue | 28 | % |  | 26 | % |  | 2 | % |  | 28 | % |  | 25 | % |  | 3 | %
Amortization of intangible assets | 49.0 |  |  | 49.3 |  |  | (1) | % |  | 100.6 |  |  | 98.3 |  |  | 2 | %
% of revenue | 8 | % |  | 6 | % |  | 2 | % |  | 8 | % |  | 6 | % |  | 2 | %
Asset impairment, restructuring and other special charges | 119.4 |  |  | 31.8 |  |  | 275 | % |  | 194.2 |  |  | 56.7 |  |  | 243 | %
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest | 24.8 |  |  | 20.7 |  |  | 20 | % |  | 41.3 |  |  | 41.5 |  |  | — | %
Other - net, (income) expense | (47.9) |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | NM |  | (46.8) |  |  | 6.5 |  |  | NM
Income (loss) before income taxes | (77.1) |  |  | 50.2 |  |  | NM |  | (144.9) |  |  | 95.0 |  |  | NM
% of revenue | (13) | % |  | 6 | % |  | (19) | % |  | (12) | % |  | 6 | % |  | (18) | %
Income tax (benefit) expense | (23.9) |  |  | 14.3 |  |  | (267) | % |  | (42.6) |  |  | 27.6 |  |  | (254) | %
Net income (loss) | $ | (53.2) |  |  | $ | 35.9 |  |  | NM |  | $ | (102.3) |  |  | $ | 67.4 |  |  | NM

Certain amounts and percentages may reflect rounding adjustments.
NM - Not meaningful
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Revenue
On a global basis, our revenue within our product categories was as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | % Change |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | % Change
CA Disease Prevention | $ | 176.3 |  |  | $ | 223.4 |  |  | (21) | % |  | $ | 316.6 |  |  | $ | 409.3 |  |  | (23) | %
CA Therapeutics | 78.0 |  |  | 83.4 |  |  | (6) | % |  | 143.8 |  |  | 164.8 |  |  | (13) | %
FA Future Protein & Health | 157.9 |  |  | 175.8 |  |  | (10) | % |  | 337.9 |  |  | 343.0 |  |  | (1) | %
FA Ruminants & Swine | 158.2 |  |  | 271.5 |  |  | (42) | % |  | 410.8 |  |  | 545.6 |  |  | (25) | %
Subtotal | 570.4 |  |  | 754.1 |  |  | (24) | % |  | 1,209.1 |  |  | 1,462.7 |  |  | (17) | %
Strategic Exits(1) | 15.9 |  |  | 27.5 |  |  | (42) | % |  | 34.9 |  |  | 50.0 |  |  | (30) | %
Total | $ | 586.3 |  |  | $ | 781.6 |  |  | (25) | % |  | $ | 1,244.0 |  |  | $ | 1,512.7 |  |  | (18) | %

(1) Represents revenue from business activities we have either exited or made a strategic decision to exit.
Total revenue
Three months ended June 30, 2020 vs. three months ended June 30, 2019
Total revenue decreased $195.3 million or 25%, reflecting a 25% decrease in volume and a 2% unfavorable impact from foreign exchange rates, partially offset by a 2% increase in price.
In summary, the total revenue decrease was due primarily to:
•a decrease in revenue of $45.2 million or 20% from CA Disease Prevention products, excluding the impact of foreign exchange rates;
•a decrease in revenue of $4.4 million or 5% from CA Therapeutics products, excluding the impact of foreign exchange rates;
•a decrease in revenue of $11.0 million or 6% from FA Future Protein & Health products, excluding the impact of foreign exchange rates;
•a decrease in revenue of $107.9 million or 40% from FA Ruminants & Swine products, excluding the impact of foreign exchange rates;
•a decrease in revenue of $11.0 million or 40% from Strategic Exits, excluding the impact of foreign exchange rates; and
•a decrease in revenue of $15.8 million due to the negative impact of foreign exchange rates.
The detailed change in revenue by product category was as follows:
•CA Disease Prevention revenue decreased by $47.1 million or 21% for the quarter, driven by decreased volume across all products and to a significantly lesser extent an unfavorable impact from foreign exchange rates, partially offset by an increase in price. The volume decline was the result of actions taken across brands to reduce channel inventory levels as well as decreased demand in veterinary products as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily in U.S. vaccines and international markets. Underlying end user demand for newer generation parasiticide products grew during the quarter as compared to the prior year.
•CA Therapeutics revenue decreased by $5.4 million or 6% for the quarter, driven by decreased volume and to a lesser extent an unfavorable impact from foreign exchange rates, partially offset by an increase in price. The volume decline was the result of actions taken across brands to reduce channel inventory levels as well as decreased demand in veterinary products as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily in veterinarian-administered products and international markets, offset by continued growth of Galliprant globally and in alternative channels, as well as the inclusion of sales for Entyce and Nocita from the acquisition of Aratana in the third quarter of 2019.
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•FA Future Protein & Health revenue decreased by $17.9 million or 10% for the quarter, driven by decreased volume and to a lesser extent an unfavorable impact from foreign exchange rates, partially offset by an increase in price. The volume decline was driven by lower demand due to impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on global protein markets and the subsequent impact of anticipatory buying that occurred in the first quarter of 2020 by direct customers in international export markets, partially offset by continued growth in our aqua portfolio.
•FA Ruminants & Swine revenue decreased by $113.3 million or 42% for the quarter, driven by decreased volume and to a significantly lesser extent an unfavorable impact from foreign exchange rates, partially offset by an increase in price. The volume decrease was driven by lower demand due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global protein markets, primarily Optaflexx, the subsequent impact of anticipatory buying by direct customers in international export markets, and actions taken across brands to reduce channel inventory levels, primarily for Rumensin. Additionally, volume was impacted by generic competition for Rumensin and trade pressure affecting Paylean™. These decreases were partially offset by increased demand in China's swine market as a result of favorable producer economics and positive efforts to repopulate herds impacted by African Swine Fever in 2019.
•Strategic Exits revenue decreased by $11.6 million to $15.9 million and represented 3% of total revenue.
Six months ended June 30, 2020 vs. six months ended June 30, 2019
Total revenue decreased $268.7 million or 18%, reflecting a 18% decrease in volume and a 2% unfavorable impact from foreign exchange rates, partially offset by a 2% increase in price.
In summary, the total revenue decrease was due primarily to:
•a decrease in revenue of $89.5 million or 22% from CA Disease Prevention products, excluding the impact of foreign exchange rates;
•a decrease in revenue of $19.1 million or 12% from CA Therapeutics products, excluding the impact of foreign exchange rates;
•a decrease in revenue of $126.8 million or 23% from FA Ruminants & Swine products, excluding the impact of foreign exchange rates;
•a decrease in revenue of $14.0 million or 28% from Strategic Exits, excluding the impact of foreign exchange rates; and
•a decrease in revenue of $25.2 million due to the negative impact of foreign exchange rates.
partially offset by:
•an increase in revenue of $5.9 million or 2% from FA Future Protein & Health products, excluding the impact of foreign exchange rates.
The detailed change in revenue by product category was as follows:
•CA Disease Prevention revenue decreased by $92.7 million or 23%, driven by decreased volume and to a significantly lesser extent an unfavorable impact from foreign exchange rates, partially offset by an increase in price. The volume decline was the result of actions taken across brands to reduce channel inventory levels and decreased demand in veterinary products as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily in U.S. vaccines and international markets. Underlying end user demand for our newer generation parasiticide products grew during the year. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in direct sales, particularly in alternative channels outside vet clinics.
•CA Therapeutics revenue decreased by $21.0 million or 13%, driven by decreased volume and to a lesser extent an unfavorable impact from foreign exchange rates, partially offset by an increase in price. The volume decline was the result of actions taken across brands to reduce channel inventory levels and decreased demand in veterinary products as a result of the COVID-19
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pandemic, primarily in veterinarian-administered products and international markets, partially offset by the inclusion of sales for Entyce and Nocita from the acquisition of Aratana in the third quarter of 2019.
•FA Future Protein & Health revenue decreased by $5.1 million or 1%, driven primarily by an unfavorable impact from foreign exchange rates and to a lesser extent volume, partially offset by an increase in price. The volume decline was driven by decreased demand due to impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on global protein markets, partially offset by continued growth in our aqua and poultry vaccine portfolios.
•FA Ruminants & Swine revenue decreased by $134.8 million or 25%, driven by decreased volume and to a significantly lesser extent an unfavorable impact from foreign exchange rates. The volume decrease was driven by decreased demand due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global protein markets, primarily Optaflexx, and actions taken across brands to reduce channel inventory levels, primarily for Rumensin. Additionally, volume was impacted by generic competition for Rumensin and trade pressure affecting Paylean. These decreases were partially offset by increased demand in China's swine market as a result of favorable producer economics and positive efforts to repopulate herds impacted by African Swine Fever in 2019.
•Strategic Exits revenue decreased by $15.1 million to $34.9 million and represented 3% of total revenue.
Costs and Expenses and Other
Cost of sales
Three months ended June 30, 2020 vs. three months ended June 30, 2019
Cost of sales decreased $60.1 million primarily due to manufacturing productivity improvements and decreased revenue.
Cost of sales as a percent of revenues increased to 50.5% from 45.5%, primarily due to unfavorable product and geographic mix and unfavorable leverage of fixed manufacturing costs across a lower revenue base, partially offset by continued improvements in manufacturing productivity and increases in price.
Six months ended June 30, 2020 vs. six months ended June 30, 2019
Cost of sales decreased $71.2 million due primarily to manufacturing productivity improvements and decreased revenue.
Cost of sales as a percent of revenues increased to 50.5% from 46.3%, primarily due to unfavorable product and geographic mix, unfavorable leverage of fixed manufacturing costs across a lower revenue base, partially offset by continued improvements in manufacturing productivity and increases in price.
Research and development
Three months ended June 30, 2020 vs. three months ended June 30, 2019
R&D expenses decreased $9.4 million, primarily due to strong expense management, adjustments to variable pay, and delayed project spending.
Six months ended June 30, 2020 vs. six months ended June 30, 2019
R&D expenses decreased 6.7 million, primarily due to strong expense management, adjustments to variable pay, and delayed project spending.
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Marketing, selling and administrative
Three months ended June 30, 2020 vs. three months ended June 30, 2019
Marketing, selling and administrative expenses decreased $38.1 million, due to disciplined cost management across the business as we have moved primarily to virtual operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic, adjustments to variable pay, and delayed project spending.
Six months ended June 30, 2020 vs. six months ended June 30, 2019
Marketing, selling and administrative expenses decreased $37.2 million, due to disciplined cost management across the business as we have moved primarily to virtual operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic, adjustments to variable pay, and delayed project spending, partially offset by additional costs from acquired businesses in 2019, including Aratana and Prevtec.
Amortization of intangible assets
Three months ended June 30, 2020 vs. three months ended June 30, 2019
Amortization of intangible assets decreased $0.3 million, primarily due to an adjustment to amortization recorded on assets classified as held for sale, partially offset by the addition of amortization of intangible assets recorded from the acquisitions of Aratana and Prevtec during 2019.
Six months ended June 30, 2020 vs. six months ended June 30, 2019
Amortization of intangible assets increased $2.3 million, primarily due to the addition of amortization of intangible assets recorded from the acquisitions of Aratana and Prevtec during 2019.
Asset impairment, restructuring and other special charges
For additional information regarding our asset impairment, restructuring and other special charges, see Note 7: Asset Impairment, Restructuring and Other Special Charges to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Three months ended June 30, 2020 vs. three months ended June 30, 2019
Asset impairment, restructuring and other special charges increased $87.6 million to $119.4 million from $31.8 million, primarily due to higher transaction costs directly related to business acquisitions, including the pending acquisition of the animal health business of Bayer, higher integration costs of acquisitions, and costs associated with the implementation of new systems, programs, and processes due to the Separation from Lilly and in anticipation of the acquisition of the animal health business of Bayer, as more fully described in Note 7.
Six months ended June 30, 2020 vs. six months ended June 30, 2019
Asset impairment, restructuring and other special charges increased $137.5 million to $194.2 million from $56.7 million, primarily due to higher transaction costs directly related to business acquisitions, including the pending acquisition of the animal health business of Bayer, higher integration costs of acquisitions, and costs associated with the implementation of new systems, programs, and processes due to the Separation from Lilly and in anticipation of the acquisition of the animal health business of Bayer, as more fully described in Note 7.
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest
Three months ended June 30, 2020 vs. three months ended June 30, 2019
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest, increased $4.1 million from $20.7 million to $24.8 million, primarily as a result of offsetting gains from the net investment hedge recorded in the second quarter of 2019 that did not recur in the second quarter of 2020 due to its liquidation.
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Six months ended June 30, 2020 vs. six months ended June 30, 2019
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest, decreased $0.2 million from $41.5 million to $41.3 million, primarily as a result of the repayment of indebtedness outstanding under our existing term loan facility during the first quarter of 2020.
Other - net, (income) expense
Three months ended June 30, 2020 vs. three months ended June 30, 2019
Other - net, (income) expense changed by $51.8 million from expense of $3.9 million to income of $47.9 million, primarily as a result of the gain on the sale of land and buildings in New South Wales, Australia. See Note 12: Leases for further discussion.
Six months ended June 30, 2020 vs. six months ended June 30, 2019
Other - net, (income) expense changed by $53.3 million from expense of $6.5 million to income of $46.8 million, primarily as a result of a gain on the sale of land and buildings in New South Wales, Australia. See Note 12: Leases for further discussion.
Income tax expense
Three months ended June 30, 2020 vs. three months ended June 30, 2019
Income tax expense decreased $38.2 million, primarily due to lower pre-tax earnings driven mainly by a decrease in revenue and increased acquisition and integration costs. See Note 13: Income Taxes to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Six months ended June 30, 2020 vs. six months ended June 30, 2019
Income tax expense decreased $70.2 million, primarily due to lower pre-tax earnings driven mainly by a decrease in revenue and increased acquisition and integration costs. See Note 13: Income Taxes to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash on hand, cash flows from operations and funds available under our credit facilities. As a significant portion of our business is conducted outside the U.S., we hold a significant portion of cash outside of the U.S. We monitor and adjust the amount of foreign cash based on projected cash flow requirements. Our ability to use foreign cash to fund cash flow requirements in the U.S. may be impacted by local regulations and, to a lesser extent, following U.S. tax reforms, the income taxes associated with transferring cash to the U.S. As our structure evolves as a standalone company, we may change that strategy, particularly to the extent we identify tax efficient reinvestment alternatives for our foreign earnings or change our cash management strategy.
Our principal liquidity needs going forward, in addition to funds needed for the completion of the Bayer acquisition, include funding existing marketed and pipeline products, capital expenditures, business development in our targeted areas, interest payments and payments on our amortizing notes. We believe our cash and cash equivalents on hand, our operating cash flows and our existing financing arrangements will be sufficient to support our cash needs for the foreseeable future, including for at least the next 12 months.
Our ability to meet future funding requirements may be impacted by macroeconomic, business and financial volatility. As markets change, we will continue to monitor our liquidity position. However, a challenging economic environment or an economic downturn may impact our liquidity or ability to obtain future financing. See Item 1A, "Risk Factors" for more information.
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Cash Flows
The following table provides a summary of cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the periods presented:

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | $
Net cash provided by (used for): | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Change
Operating activities | $ | 163.6 |  |  | $ | 58.2 |  |  | $ | 105.4 |
Investing activities | (9.0) |  |  | (77.5) |  |  | 68.5 |
Financing activities | 903.9 |  |  | (249.8) |  |  | 1,153.7 |
Effect of exchange-rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (1.8) |  |  | (11.8) |  |  | 10.0 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 1,056.7 |  |  | $ | (280.9) |  |  | $ | 1,337.6 |

Operating activities
Our cash provided by operating activities increased by $105.4 million, from $58.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 to $163.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The increase in operating cash flows was primarily attributable to decreases in accounts receivable and increases in accounts payable and other current liabilities, partially offset by increases in inventory and prepaid expenses and a decrease in net income, adjusted for non-cash items. The COVID-19 global health pandemic and related economic downturn led to an increase in customer accounts receivable that were past due at the end of the first quarter of 2020; however, customer collections improved in the second quarter and payment terms decreased. We have extended our payment terms in the past in certain customer situations and while we do not intend to extend payment terms in the future, we may need to implement this practice in the future as a result of the COVID-19 global health pandemic, competitive pressures and the need for certain inventory levels at our channel distributors to avoid supply disruptions. Extensions of customer payment terms could result in additional uses of our cash flow.
Investing activities
Our cash used for investing activities decreased by $68.5 million, to $9.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $77.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The change was primarily driven by net proceeds from the sale of property and equipment of $19.2 million in 2020 (mostly related to the Australia land and facility sale) as compared to net purchases of property and equipment of $51.8 million in 2019, partially offset by an increase in purchases of software from 2019 to 2020.
Financing activities
Our cash provided by financing activities was $903.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to cash used for financing activities of $249.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2020 reflects proceeds from issuances of common stock and TEUs during the period, partially offset by the repayment of indebtedness outstanding under our existing term loan facility. Cash used for financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2019, reflected the impact of $186.2 million of net cash consideration to Lilly in connection with local country asset purchases and other financing activities related to the Separation.
Description of Indebtedness
For a complete description of our outstanding debt as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, see Note 10: Debt to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
In connection with our pending acquisition of the animal health business of Bayer as discussed in Note 6: Acquisitions and Divestitures, in August 2019, we entered into a commitment letter that provides for financing consisting of up to $750 million in a revolving facility, $3.0 billion in a term facility, and $2.75 billion in a senior secured bridge facility. In connection with the financing commitment letter, we will incur fixed commitment fees of $40.4 million that will become due and payable upon the closing of the pending acquisition or the termination of the Purchase Agreement with Bayer. In addition, we expect to incur approximately $22.5 million in advisory fees that are contingent upon closing the pending acquisition. These fees have not been recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2020. As a result of the financing secured for the acquisition through the equity and debt activity during the first quarter of 2020, we no longer intend to use the full financing pursuant to the commitment letter. See Note 9: Equity and Note 10: Debt for more information.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. There are certain of our accounting policies that are considered critical, as these policies are the most important to the depiction of our financial statements and require significant, difficult or complex judgments, often employing the use of estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. Such policies are summarized in Item 7, "Management's Discussion & Analysis of Results of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. There have been no significant changes in the application of our critical accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Contractual Obligations
See Contractual Obligations included in Item 7, "Management's Discussion & Analysis of Results of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Foreign Exchange Risk
We operate on a global basis and are exposed to the risk that our earnings, cash flows and equity could be adversely impacted by fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. We are primarily exposed to foreign exchange risk with respect to net assets denominated in the Euro, Swiss franc, British pound, Canadian dollar, Australian dollar and Brazilian real. As part of the TSA, Lilly maintained a foreign currency risk management program through a central shared entity, which entered into derivative contracts to hedge foreign currency risk associated with forecasted transactions for the entire company, including historically for our operations. Gains and losses on derivative contracts entered into by Lilly were previously allocated to our results to the extent they were to cover exposure related to our business and offset gains and losses on underlying foreign currency exposures. We implemented our own foreign currency risk management program and assumed all hedging activities in the second quarter of 2019.
We face foreign currency exchange exposures when we enter into transactions arising from subsidiary trade and loan payables and receivables denominated in foreign currencies. We also face currency exposure that arises from translating the results of our global operations to the U.S. dollar at exchange rates that have fluctuated from the beginning of the period. We may enter into foreign currency forward or option derivative contracts to reduce the effect of fluctuating currency exchange rates in future periods.
We estimate that a hypothetical 10% adverse movement in all foreign currency exchange rates related to the translation of the results of our foreign operations would decrease our net income by approximately $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Interest Risk
Upon extinguishment of our borrowings under the Term Credit Facility in the first quarter of 2020, our current outstanding debt balances are fixed-rate debt. While changes in interest rates currently have no impact on the interest we pay on fixed-rate debt, borrowings under our new term loan facility will be exposed to interest rate
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fluctuations based on LIBOR. As of June 30, 2020, we held certain interest rate swap agreements with a notional value of $4.05 billion that will have the economic effect of modifying the variable-interest obligations associated with the new Term Loan Facility, so that a portion of the variable-rate interest payable becomes fixed. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded a loss of $59.9 million, net of taxes on these interest rate swaps in other comprehensive loss. The loss is primarily attributable to market conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting cut to interest rates by the U.S. Federal Reserve in the first quarter of 2020. See Note 11: Financial Instruments and Fair Value for further information.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
For discussion of our new accounting standards, see Note 4: Implementation of New Financial Accounting Pronouncements to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
(a)Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Under applicable SEC regulations, management of a reporting company, with the participation of the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, must periodically evaluate the company’s “disclosure controls and procedures,” which are defined generally as controls and other procedures of a reporting company designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the reporting company in its periodic reports filed with the SEC (such as this Form 10-Q) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported on a timely basis.
Our management, with the participation of Jeffrey N. Simmons, president and chief executive officer, and Todd S. Young, executive vice president and chief financial officer, evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2020. Based on this evaluation, the chief executive officer and the chief financial officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
(b)Changes in Internal Controls. During the second quarter of 2020, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
See Note 14: Commitments and Contingencies to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a summary of our legal proceedings.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Other than the revisions set forth below, there have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
We have identified the following additional risk factor which has been updated from the version presented in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020:
The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and is expected to continue to have, an adverse impact on our business, our future results of operations and our overall financial performance.
The outbreak of COVID-19 originating in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has since rapidly increased its exposure globally. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a pandemic. The pandemic has impacted and may further impact the United States and the broader economies of affected countries, including negatively impacting economic growth, the proper functioning of financial and capital markets, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. Due to the speed with which the situation is developing, the global breadth of its spread and the range of governmental and community reactions thereto, there is uncertainty around its duration, ultimate impact and the timing of recovery. Therefore, the pandemic could lead to an extended disruption of economic activity and the impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows could be material.
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As a result of the adverse impact that the COVID-19 pandemic is having on our economy and the economies in the countries in which we operate, the pandemic is also affecting our operations, including our supply chain distribution systems, production levels and research and development activities. In addition, any preventive or protective actions that governments implement or that we adopt in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as travel restrictions, quarantines, limited operations of governmental agencies or site closures, may interfere with the ability of our employees, vendors, and suppliers to perform their respective responsibilities and obligations relative to the conduct of our business. In particular, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the suspension of in-person interactions by our customer-facing professionals and the fact that certain vet clinics are limiting such interactions, our ability to market our products has been and may continue to be limited, which, in turn, could have an adverse effect on our ability to compete in the marketing and sales of our products. Additionally, government regulations that have been imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic may cause delays in the receipt of products, causing delays in our global supply chain, delaying the transportation of finished goods, disrupting our freight processes, which would result in higher shipping costs, and causing resources to be diverted that are necessary to administer certain of our products. In addition, some research and development projects could be impacted based on need for the reagents from suppliers and clinical trial activity requiring veterinary clinic access and support. Furthermore, social distancing guidelines could have an adverse impact on our research and development activities as our laboratories are not operating at full capacity.
Our customers, and therefore our business and revenues, are sensitive to negative changes in economic conditions. As a result, we have experienced declines in revenue in 2020, including in our companion animal business as social distancing guidelines have decreased veterinary visits and have reduced veterinary practice spending. In addition, there have been a number of shutdowns of processing plants as a result of COVID-19 outbreaks within their operations, and there could be more of these shutdowns, which, in turn, have led and may lead to a further decrease in demand for our customers’ livestock. Such shutdowns could not only lead to a decrease in demand for our products, but could also significantly impact their ability to pay for our products. In addition, an effort by dairy farmers to decrease milk production could negatively impact demand for Rumensin. We expect the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our revenue will continue until conditions relating to the overall impact of COVID-19 on all aspects of the economy and life in general improve.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global financial markets may reduce our ability to access capital, which could negatively impact our short-term and long-term liquidity. Additionally, our suppliers and third party distributors may face difficulties maintaining operations and normal liquidity in light of government-mandated restrictions. Further, the resulting global economic downturn may negatively impact the ability of certain of our customers to make payments on a timely basis, adversely impacting our cash flows from operations. While our liquidity has not been significantly impacted by delayed collections thus far, we do not yet know the full extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its resulting economic impact, which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, capital resources, operations and business.
We are also monitoring the impact of COVID-19 on our talent recruitment and retention efforts. If members of our management and other key personnel in critical functions across our organization are unable to perform their duties or have limited availability due to COVID-19, we may not be able to execute on our business strategy and/or our operations may be negatively impacted. The loss or limited availability of the services of one or more of our executive officers or other key personnel, or our inability to recruit and retain qualified executive officers or other key personnel in the future, could, at least temporarily, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Qualified individuals are in high demand, and we may incur significant costs to attract them, particularly at the executive level. We may face difficulty in attracting and retaining key talent for a number of reasons, including delays in the recruiting and hiring process as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by unfavorable results in future employment litigation matters as result of COVID-19. Our employees may sue us due to possible exposure to COVID-19 while working at one of our facilities or sites. In addition, employees may challenge decisions to implement protective measures such as contact tracing on the basis of local privacy laws due to the increased collection of employee medical information. Litigation matters, regardless of their merits or their ultimate outcomes, are costly, divert management’s attention and may materially adversely affect our reputation and demand for our products. We cannot predict with certainty the eventual outcome of pending or future litigation matters. An adverse outcome of litigation or legal matters could result in us being responsible for paying significant damages. Any of these negative effects resulting from litigation matters could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business and financial results, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
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The following risk factors have changed from the risk factors that were disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019:
An outbreak of infectious disease carried by food animals could negatively affect the demand for, and sale and production of, our food animal products.
Sales of our food animal products could be materially adversely affected by the outbreak of disease or an outbreak carried by food animals, which could lead to the widespread death or precautionary destruction of food animals as well as the reduced consumption and demand for animal protein. In addition, outbreaks of disease carried by food animals may reduce regional or global sales of particular animal-derived food products or result in reduced exports of such products, either due to heightened export restrictions or import prohibitions, which may reduce demand for our food animal products due to reduced herd or flock sizes.
In recent years, outbreaks of various diseases, including African Swine Fever, avian influenza, foot-and-mouth disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (otherwise known as BSE or “mad cow” disease) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (otherwise known as PEDV) have negatively impacted sales of our animal health products. The discovery of additional cases of any of these, or new, diseases may result in additional restrictions on animal protein, reduced herd or flock sizes, or reduced demand for animal protein, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the outbreak of any highly contagious disease near our main production sites could require us to immediately halt production of our products at such sites or force us to incur substantial expenses in procuring raw materials or products elsewhere.
We may be unable to integrate the Bayer animal health business successfully and realize the anticipated benefits of the Acquisition.
If the Acquisition is completed, the successful integration of the Bayer animal health business and operations into those of our own and our ability to realize the expected synergies and benefits of the Transaction is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control. We will also be required to devote significant management attention and resources to integrating business practices, cultures and operations of each business. The risks and uncertainties relating to integrating the two businesses and realizing the anticipated cost synergies include, among other things:
•the inability to achieve the anticipated revenue, earnings, accretion and other benefits due to the impact of the COVID-19 global health pandemic;
•the challenge of integrating complex organizations, systems, operating procedures, compliance programs, technology, networks and other assets of the Bayer animal health business;
•the difficulties harmonizing differences in the business cultures of our company and the Bayer animal health business;
•the inability to combine successfully our respective businesses in a manner that permits us to achieve the cost savings, synergies and other anticipated benefits from the Acquisition;
•the inability to minimize the diversion of management attention from ongoing business concerns during the process of integrating the Bayer animal health business into our businesses;
•the inability to resolve potential conflicts that may arise relating to customer, supplier and other important relationships of our business and the Bayer animal health business;
•difficulties in retaining key management and other key employees;
•the challenge of managing the expanded operations of a significantly larger and more complex company and coordinating geographically separate organizations; and
•difficulties in fully exploring intellectual property licensed from Bayer in connection with the acquisition, given Bayer's rights as licensor of such intellectual property.
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We will incur substantial expenses to consummate the proposed Acquisition but may not realize the anticipated cost synergies and other benefits to the extent expected, on the timeline expected, or at all. In addition, even if we are able to integrate the Bayer animal health business successfully, the anticipated benefits of the Acquisition may not be realized fully, or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected. Moreover, competition in the animal health industry, including competition that has negatively impacted results in the companion animal parasiticide market, may also cause us not to fully realize the anticipated benefits of the Acquisition. Given the size and significance of the Acquisition, we may encounter difficulties in the integration of the operations of the Bayer animal health business and may fail to realize the full benefits and synergies of the Acquisition, which could adversely impact our business, results of operation and financial condition.
Breaches of our information technology systems or improper disclosure of confidential company or personal data, or a failure to comply with privacy laws, regulations and our contractual obligations concerning data privacy or the security of certain information could have a material adverse effect on our reputation and operations.
We rely on information technology systems to process, transmit and store electronic information in our day-to-day operations, including customer, employee and company data. The secure processing, maintenance and transmission of this information is critical to our operations. In addition, the legal environment surrounding information security, storage, use, processing, transmission, maintenance, disclosure and privacy is demanding with the frequent imposition of new and changing regulatory requirements.
We are generally dependent upon our technology systems to operate our business in normal periods, but in the wake of the COVID-19 global pandemic, we are increasingly dependent on our information technology systems as our office workers, who are working remotely, rely on third-party applications to host a greater number of video conferences and teleconferences, and are processing information through our network via their home networks, which may be less secure. As such, our ability to effectively manage our business depends on the security, reliability and adequacy of our technology systems and data and the ability of our employees to follow our cyber security policies and protocols, including, but not limited to, the use of VPN when remotely working on company matters, and other security protocols when using various video conferencing and teleconferencing applications, especially in light of the increased use of these tools due to the COVID-19 global pandemic.
We also store certain information with third parties, including the use of cloud technologies. Our information systems and those of our third-party vendors are subjected to computer viruses or other malicious codes, unauthorized access attempts, and cyber or phishing-attacks and also are vulnerable to an increasing threat of continually evolving cybersecurity risks and external hazards, as well as improper or inadvertent staff behavior, all of which could expose confidential company and personally identifiable information, as well as technology, networks, or infrastructure. Any such breach could compromise our networks, including a breach caused by a failure by our employees, working remotely or otherwise, to use such security policies and protocols, which could result in the loss of confidential company data, or an intrusion or business interruption by hackers that are able to access the company’s network or meetings taking place via video conferencing or teleconferencing, and the information stored or in the process of being transmitted or communicated could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such loss or misappropriation of company data or other intrusion could cause a disruption of our operations and other negative consequences, such as increased costs for security measures or remediation costs, and diversion of management attention.
Any actual or perceived access, disclosure or other loss of information or any significant breakdown, intrusion, interruption, cyber-attack or corruption of customer, employee or company data or our failure to comply with federal, state, local and foreign privacy laws or contractual obligations with customers, vendors, payment processors and other third parties, could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws or contracts that protect the privacy of personal information, regulatory penalties, disruption of our operations, and damage to our reputation, all of which could materially adversely affect our business, revenue and competitive position. While we will continue to implement additional protective measures to reduce the risk of and detect cyber-incidents, cyber-attacks are becoming more sophisticated and frequent, and the techniques used in such attacks change rapidly. Our protective measures may not protect us against attacks and such attacks could have a significant impact on our business and reputation. In addition, due to a TSA with Lilly, we rely on Lilly for certain privacy, compliance, and security functions, and personnel, and may experience difficulties maintaining and implementing all policies and practices following completion of the TSA for these services.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(none)
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
(none)
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
(none)
Item 5. Other Information
(none)
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Item 6. Exhibits
The following exhibits are either filed or furnished herewith (as applicable) or, if so indicated, incorporated by reference to the documents indicated in parentheses, which have previously been filed or furnished with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

| Exhibit Number |  | Description
| 2.1 |  |  | Amendment No. 3 to Share and Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 15, 2020, between Bayer Aktiengesellschaft and Elanco Animal Health Incorporated (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on J une 18, 2020)
| 31.1 |  |  | Section 302 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
| 31.2 |  |  | Section 302 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
| 32 |  |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
| 101 |  |  | Interactive Data Files
| 104 |  |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101)

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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | ELANCO ANIMAL HEALTH INCORPORATED
|  | (Registrant)
Date: | July 30, 2020 | /s/ Jeffrey N. Simmons
|  | Jeffrey N. Simmons
|  | President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: | July 30, 2020 | /s/ Todd S. Young
|  | Todd S. Young
|  | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

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