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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
________________________________
FORM 10-Q
________________________________
(Mark One)

x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023
OR

o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______.
Commission File Number: 001-39549
________________________________
GoodRx Holdings, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
________________________________

Delaware | 47-5104396
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2701 Olympic Boulevard Santa Monica, CA | 90404
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

(855) 268-2822
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share |  | GDRX |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | o |  | Accelerated filer | x
Non-accelerated filer | o |  | Smaller reporting company | o
Emerging growth company | o |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
As of August 1, 2023, the registrant had 84,113,697 shares of Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 313,731,628 shares of Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may be forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, industry and business trends, the ongoing impact of a grocery chain previously not accepting pharmacy benefit managers ("PBMs") pricing (the "grocer issue") on our future results of operations, the launch of new offerings, stock compensation, our stock repurchase program, anticipated impacts of the de-prioritization of certain solutions under our pharma manufacturer solutions offering and our cost savings initiatives, our direct contracting approach with retailers, realizability of deferred tax assets, business strategy, plans, market growth and our objectives for future operations.
The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, risks related to our limited operating history and early stage of growth; our ability to achieve broad market education and change consumer purchasing habits; our general ability to continue to attract, acquire and retain consumers in a cost-effective manner; our reliance on our prescription transactions offering and ability to expand our offerings; changes in medication pricing and pricing structures; our general inability to control the categories and types of prescriptions for which we can offer savings or discounted prices; our reliance on a limited number of industry participants, including PBMs, pharmacies, and pharma manufacturers; the competitive nature of industry; risks related to pandemics, epidemics or outbreak of infectious disease, including COVID-19; the accuracy of our estimate of our total addressable market and other operational metrics; risks related to a decrease in consumer willingness to receive correspondence or any technical, legal or any other restrictions to send such correspondence; risks related to any failure to comply with applicable data protection, privacy and security, advertising and consumer protection laws, standards, and other requirements; risks related to negative media coverage; our ability to respond to changes in the market for prescription pricing and to maintain and expand the use of GoodRx codes; our ability to maintain positive perception of our platform and brand; risks related to any failure to maintain effective internal control over ﬁnancial reporting; risks related to use of social media, emails, text messages and other messaging channels as part of our marketing strategy; our ability to accurately forecast revenue and appropriately plan our expenses in the future; risks related to government regulation of the internet, e-commerce, consumer data and privacy, information technology and cyber-security; our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes; our ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain well-qualified employees, and to successfully transition our Chief Executive Officer role; risks related to general economic factors, natural disasters or other unexpected events; risks related to our acquisition strategy; risks related to our debt arrangements; interruptions or delays in service on our apps or websites; our reliance on third-party platforms to distribute our platform and offerings, including software as-a-service technologies; systems failures or other disruptions in the operations of these parties on which we depend; the increasing focus on environmental sustainability and social initiatives; risks related to our intellectual property; risks related to climate change; risks related to operating in the healthcare industry; risks related to our organizational structure; risks related to fluctuations in our tax obligations and effective income tax rate which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations; litigation related risks; risks related to the recent healthcare reform legislation and other changes in the healthcare industry and in healthcare spending which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations; the risk that we may not achieve the intended outcomes of our restructuring and cost reduction efforts; as well as the other important factors discussed in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (“2022 10-K”) and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.
You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents that we reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and have filed as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, whether as a result of any new information, future events or otherwise.

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We periodically post information that may be important to investors on our investor relations website at https://investors.goodrx.com. We intend to use our website as a means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Accordingly, investors and potential investors are encouraged to consult our website regularly for important information, in addition to following GoodRx’s press releases, filings with the SEC and public conference calls and webcasts. The information contained on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into, and is not a part of, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Table of Contents

|  | Page
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 5
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 13
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 26
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 26
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 27
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 27
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 30
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 31
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 31
Item 5. | Other Information | 31
Item 6. | Exhibits | 32
| Signatures | 33

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
GoodRx Holdings, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except par values) | June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Assets |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 761,988 |  |  | $ | 757,165 |
Accounts receivable, net | 123,378 |  |  | 117,141 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 33,886 |  |  | 45,380 |
Total current assets | 919,252 |  |  | 919,686 |
Property and equipment, net | 17,923 |  |  | 19,820 |
Goodwill | 412,117 |  |  | 412,117 |
Intangible assets, net | 108,657 |  |  | 119,865 |
Capitalized software, net | 93,478 |  |  | 70,072 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 33,538 |  |  | 35,906 |
Deferred tax assets, net | 62,686 |  |  | — |
Other assets | 44,451 |  |  | 27,165 |
Total assets | $ | 1,692,102 |  |  | $ | 1,604,631 |
Liabilities and stockholders' equity |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 6,795 |  |  | $ | 17,700 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 66,001 |  |  | 47,523 |
Current portion of debt | 7,029 |  |  | 7,029 |
Operating lease liabilities, current | 2,728 |  |  | 4,068 |
Total current liabilities | 82,553 |  |  | 76,320 |
Debt, net | 649,753 |  |  | 651,796 |
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | 54,858 |  |  | 54,131 |
Other liabilities | 9,567 |  |  | 7,557 |
Total liabilities | 796,731 |  |  | 789,804 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7) |  |  |
Stockholders' equity |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 50,000 shares authorized and zero shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; Class A: 2,000,000 shares authorized, 82,940 and 83,293 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively; and Class B: 1,000,000 shares authorized and 313,732 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | 40 |  |  | 40 |
Additional paid-in capital | 2,288,370 |  |  | 2,263,322 |
Accumulated deficit | (1,393,039) |  |  | (1,448,535) |
Total stockholders' equity | 895,371 |  |  | 814,827 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 1,692,102 |  |  | $ | 1,604,631 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
1

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GoodRx Holdings, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Revenue | $ | 189,677 |  |  | $ | 191,798 |  |  | $ | 373,663 |  |  | $ | 395,127 |
Costs and operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization presented separately below | 16,339 |  |  | 18,044 |  |  | 33,034 |  |  | 30,324 |
Product development and technology | 31,285 |  |  | 35,404 |  |  | 64,193 |  |  | 70,446 |
Sales and marketing | 77,440 |  |  | 94,338 |  |  | 155,962 |  |  | 187,288 |
General and administrative | 30,208 |  |  | 34,740 |  |  | 59,827 |  |  | 66,663 |
Depreciation and amortization | 16,097 |  |  | 13,319 |  |  | 31,036 |  |  | 24,692 |
Total costs and operating expenses | 171,369 |  |  | 195,845 |  |  | 344,052 |  |  | 379,413 |
Operating income (loss) | 18,308 |  |  | (4,047) |  |  | 29,611 |  |  | 15,714 |
Other expense, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,808) |  |  | — |
Interest income | 7,814 |  |  | 857 |  |  | 15,048 |  |  | 909 |
Interest expense | (14,054) |  |  | (6,969) |  |  | (27,187) |  |  | (12,838) |
Total other expense, net | (6,240) |  |  | (6,112) |  |  | (13,947) |  |  | (11,929) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 12,068 |  |  | (10,159) |  |  | 15,664 |  |  | 3,785 |
Income tax benefit | 46,718 |  |  | 8,744 |  |  | 39,832 |  |  | 7,093 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 58,786 |  |  | $ | (1,415) |  |  | $ | 55,496 |  |  | $ | 10,878 |
Earnings (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.14 |  |  | $ | (0.00) |  |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | 0.03 |
Diluted | $ | 0.14 |  |  | $ | (0.00) |  |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | 0.03 |
Weighted average shares used in computing earnings (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 412,221 |  |  | 412,135 |  | 412,322 |  | 413,405
Diluted | 414,335 |  |  | 412,135 |  | 414,373 |  | 423,077
Stock-based compensation included in costs and operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 341 |  |  | $ | 54 |
Product development and technology | 7,534 |  |  | 9,820 |  |  | 16,123 |  |  | 17,298 |
Sales and marketing | (3,020) |  |  | 5,839 |  |  | 1,392 |  |  | 11,233 |
General and administrative | 13,203 |  |  | 15,874 |  |  | 25,540 |  |  | 33,197 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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GoodRx Holdings, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)

| Class A and Class B Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
(in thousands) | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | 397,025 |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 2,263,322 |  |  | $ | (1,448,535) |  |  | $ | 814,827 |
Stock options exercised | 192 |  | — |  |  | 895 |  |  | — |  |  | 895 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  | — |  |  | 28,263 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,263 |
Vesting and settlement of restricted stock units | 1,668 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock withheld related to net share settlement | (666) |  | — |  |  | (3,710) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,710) |
Repurchases of Class A common stock | (1,570) |  | — |  |  | (9,517) |  |  | — |  |  | (9,517) |
Net loss | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,290) |  |  | (3,290) |
Balance at March 31, 2023 | 396,649 |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 2,279,253 |  |  | $ | (1,451,825) |  |  | $ | 827,468 |
Stock options exercised | 204 |  |  | — |  |  | 560 |  |  | — |  |  | 560 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,354 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,354 |
Vesting and settlement of restricted stock units | 2,148 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock withheld related to net share settlement | (827) |  |  | — |  |  | (4,526) |  |  | — |  |  | (4,526) |
Repurchases of Class A common stock | (1,663) |  |  | — |  |  | (8,920) |  |  | — |  |  | (8,920) |
Issuance of common stock through employee stock purchase plan | 161 |  |  | — |  |  | 649 |  |  | — |  |  | 649 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 58,786 |  |  | 58,786 |
Balance at June 30, 2023 | 396,672 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 2,288,370 |  |  | $ | (1,393,039) |  |  | $ | 895,371 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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GoodRx Holdings, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)

| Class A and Class B Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
(in thousands) | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2021 | 400,562 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 2,247,347 |  |  | $ | (1,415,707) |  |  | $ | 831,680 |
Stock options exercised | 749 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,699 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,699 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32,161 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,161 |
Vesting and settlement of restricted stock units | 822 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock withheld related to net share settlement | (364) |  |  | — |  |  | (9,561) |  |  | — |  |  | (9,561) |
Repurchases of Class A common stock | (5,637) |  |  | — |  |  | (83,765) |  |  | — |  |  | (83,765) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,293 |  |  | 12,293 |
Balance at March 31, 2022 | 396,132 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 2,189,881 |  |  | $ | (1,403,414) |  |  | $ | 786,507 |
Stock options exercised | 1,176 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,109 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,109 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,466 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,466 |
Vesting and settlement of restricted stock units | 1,059 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock withheld related to net share settlement | (459) |  |  | — |  |  | (4,727) |  |  | — |  |  | (4,727) |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,415) |  |  | (1,415) |
Balance at June 30, 2022 | 397,908 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 2,222,729 |  |  | $ | (1,404,829) |  |  | $ | 817,940 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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GoodRx Holdings, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)

| Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |
Net income | $ | 55,496 |  |  | $ | 10,878 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 31,036 |  |  | 24,692 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 1,695 |  |  | 1,710 |
Non-cash operating lease expense | 2,055 |  |  | 1,509 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 43,396 |  |  | 61,782 |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration | — |  |  | 240 |
Deferred income taxes | (62,980) |  |  | (336) |
Loss on operating lease assets | 374 |  |  | — |
Loss on minority equity interest investment | 1,808 |  |  | — |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of business acquisitions |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (6,237) |  |  | (4,362) |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (13,574) |  |  | (8,439) |
Accounts payable | (10,972) |  |  | (1,860) |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 18,418 |  |  | (2,089) |
Operating lease liabilities | (665) |  |  | (2,156) |
Other liabilities | 2,304 |  |  | (400) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 62,154 |  |  | 81,169 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |
Purchase of property and equipment | (440) |  |  | (3,172) |
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | — |  |  | (156,853) |
Capitalized software | (28,807) |  |  | (22,977) |
Investment in minority equity interest | — |  |  | (15,007) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (29,247) |  |  | (198,009) |
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |
Payments on long-term debt | (3,515) |  |  | (3,515) |
Repurchases of Class A common stock | (18,437) |  |  | (83,765) |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 1,267 |  |  | 7,839 |
Employee taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | (8,048) |  |  | (14,288) |
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan | 649 |  |  | — |
Net cash used in financing activities | (28,084) |  |  | (93,729) |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 4,823 |  |  | (210,569) |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |
Beginning of period | 757,165 |  |  | 941,109 |
End of period | $ | 761,988 |  |  | $ | 730,540 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information |  |  |
Non cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Stock-based compensation included in capitalized software | $ | 6,221 |  |  | $ | 3,845 |
Capitalized software included in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 4,232 |  |  | 3,272 |
Capitalized software transferred from prepaid assets | 5,751 |  |  | — |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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GoodRx Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1. Description of Business
GoodRx Holdings, Inc. was incorporated in September 2015 and has no material assets or standalone operations other than its ownership in its consolidated subsidiaries. GoodRx, Inc. (“GoodRx”), a Delaware corporation initially formed in September 2011, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of GoodRx Intermediate Holdings, LLC, which itself is a wholly-owned subsidiary of GoodRx Holdings, Inc.
GoodRx Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, "we," "us" or "our") offer information and tools to help consumers compare prices and save on their prescription drug purchases. We operate a price comparison platform that provides consumers with curated, geographically relevant prescription pricing, and provides access to negotiated prices through our codes that can be used to save money on prescriptions across the United States. These services are free to consumers and we primarily earn revenue from our core business from pharmacy benefit managers ("PBMs") that manage formularies and prescription transactions including establishing pricing between consumers and pharmacies. We also offer other healthcare products and services, including pharmaceutical ("pharma") manufacturer solutions, subscriptions and telehealth services.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial information. Certain information and disclosures normally included in our annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the related notes, which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023 ("2022 10-K"). The December 31, 2022 condensed consolidated balance sheet was derived from our audited consolidated financial statements as of that date. The condensed consolidated financial statements include, in the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring items, necessary for the fair statement of our condensed consolidated financial statements. The operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year ending December 31, 2023.
There have been no material changes in significant accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2023 from those disclosed in “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in our 2022 10-K.
Principles of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of GoodRx Holdings, Inc., its wholly owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities for which we are the primary beneficiary. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Results of businesses acquired are included in our condensed consolidated financial statements from their respective dates of acquisition.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements, including the accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical factors; current circumstances, including the impact of a grocery chain that previously did not accept discounted pricing for a subset of prescription drugs from our PBMs starting late in the first quarter of 2022 ("grocer issue"); macroeconomic events and conditions, including the consideration of the economic impact of COVID-19; and the experience and judgment of our management. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Actual results can differ materially from these estimates, and such differences can affect the results of operations reported in future periods. Although the grocer issue was addressed in August 2022 and our discounted pricing has since been consistently welcomed at the point of sale by the grocery chain, the sustained effects of the grocer issue on our business, future results of operations and financial condition continue to be an estimate with several variables that are uncertain, including, among others, consumer response to updated consumer pricing and timing and extent of returning user levels.
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Certain Risks and Concentrations
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable.
We maintain cash deposits with multiple financial institutions in the United States which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. Cash may be withdrawn or redeemed on demand. We believe that the financial institutions that hold our cash are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances. However, market conditions can impact the viability of these institutions. In the event of failure of any of the financial institutions where we maintain our cash and cash equivalents, there can be no assurance that we will be able to access uninsured funds in a timely manner or at all. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts.
We consider all short-term, highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents, consisting of U.S. treasury securities money market funds, of $642.5 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were classified as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy and valued using quoted market prices in active markets.
We extend credit to our customers based on an evaluation of their ability to pay amounts due under contractual arrangements and generally do not obtain or require collateral. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, two customers accounted for 14% and 11% of our revenue. For the three months ended June 30, 2022, two customers accounted for 12% and 11% of our revenue. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, two customers accounted for 14% and 11% of our revenue. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, one customer accounted for 12% of our revenue. At June 30, 2023, no customer accounted for more than 10% of our accounts receivable balance. At December 31, 2022, one customer accounted for 13% of our accounts receivable balance.
Equity Investments
We retain minority equity interests in privately-held companies without readily determinable fair values. Our ownership interests are less than 20% of the voting stock of the investees and we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investees. The equity investments are accounted for under the measurement alternative in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 321, Investments – Equity Securities, which is cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes. Due to indicators of a decline in the financial condition of one of our investees, we recognized a $1.8 million impairment loss on one of our minority equity interest investments during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and presented it as other expense on our accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023. We otherwise have not recognized any changes resulting from observable price changes or impairment loss on our minority equity interest investments during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Equity investments included in other assets on our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $17.2 million and $19.0 million, respectively.
Recent Accounting Pronouncement
In June 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions ("Topic 820"), which clarifies the guidance when measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security and introduces new disclosure requirements for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value in accordance with Topic 820. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of this ASU is permitted. This ASU should be applied prospectively and recognize in earnings on the adoption date any adjustments made as a result of adoption. We early adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2023, and the adoption did not have an impact to our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
3. Business Combinations
vitaCare Prescription Services, Inc.
On April 14, 2022, we acquired all of the equity interests of vitaCare Prescription Services, Inc. (“vitaCare”), a prescription technology and services platform, for a total purchase consideration of $131.8 million, inclusive of $149.9 million in cash, offset by contingent considerations with a net estimated acquisition-date fair value of $18.1 million. We acquired vitaCare to strengthen and expand our business capabilities with respect to our pharma manufacturer solutions platform. The goodwill recognized in connection with this acquisition primarily related to the expected long-term synergies and other benefits from the acquisition, including the acquired assembled workforce, and is expected to be tax deductible. The aggregate purchase consideration was principally allocated to goodwill of $80.6 million and other intangible assets of $52.0 million. Other intangible assets principally related to developed technology of $30.0 million and customer relationships of $21.0 million with estimated useful lives of five and eleven years, respectively.
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The contingent considerations recognized in connection with the vitaCare acquisition consisted of a contingent consideration receivable and a contingent consideration payable with estimated acquisition-date fair values of approximately $19.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of the contingent consideration receivable was zero as the contingency was resolved in the year of acquisition. The contingent consideration payable of up to $7.0 million in cash is based upon vitaCare's achievement of certain specified revenue results through the end of 2023 as stipulated by the purchase agreement. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, no future contingent payments were expected to be made.
The following table reflects the pro forma unaudited consolidated results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 as if the acquisition of vitaCare had occurred on January 1, 2021. The pro forma unaudited consolidated results of operations give effect to certain adjustments including: (i) transaction and severance costs incurred in connection with the acquisition; (ii) amortization expense related to the acquired intangible assets; and (iii) elimination of vitaCare's allocated interest expense related to the seller's financing agreement whereby vitaCare was released as a guarantor upon the consummation of the acquisition. The pro forma unaudited consolidated results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the operating results that would have occurred if the acquisition had been consummated as of the date indicated, nor are they necessarily indicative of future operating results.

(in thousands) | Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Pro forma revenue | $ | 191,874 |  |  | $ | 395,698 |
Pro forma net (loss) income | $ | (2,335) |  |  | $ | 2,805 |

flipMD, Inc.
On February 18, 2022, we acquired all of the equity interests of flipMD, Inc., a marketplace connecting practicing physicians with organizations seeking on-demand medical expertise, for $7.0 million in cash.
4. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:

(in thousands) | June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Accrued bonus and other payroll related | $ | 17,828 |  |  | $ | 20,642 |
Accrued marketing | 15,305 |  |  | 12,104 |
Deferred revenue | 9,661 |  |  | 7,879 |
Income taxes payable | 16,616 |  |  | — |
Other accrued expenses | 6,591 |  |  | 6,898 |
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 66,001 |  |  | $ | 47,523 |

Deferred revenue represents payments received in advance of providing services for certain advertising contracts with customers and subscriptions. We expect substantially all of the deferred revenue at June 30, 2023 will be recognized as revenue within the subsequent twelve months. Of the $7.9 million of deferred revenue at December 31, 2022, $1.3 million and $7.0 million was recognized as revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. Revenue recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 of $1.3 million and $5.8 million, respectively, was included as deferred revenue at December 31, 2021.
5. Income Taxes
We generally calculate income taxes in interim periods by applying an estimated annual effective income tax rate to income or loss before income taxes and by calculating the tax effect of discrete items recognized during such periods. Our estimated annual effective income tax rate is based on our estimated full year income or loss and the related income taxes for each jurisdiction in which we operate. This rate can be affected by estimates of full year pre-tax income or loss and permanent differences.
The effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was (387.1%) and 86.1%, respectively. The effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was (254.3%) and (187.4%), respectively. The primary differences between our effective income tax rates and the federal statutory tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were due to the effects of non-deductible officers’ stock-based compensation expense, the valuation allowance on our net deferred tax assets, state income taxes, benefits from research and development tax credits, and tax effects from our equity awards.
We consider all available positive and negative evidence in our assessment of the recoverability of our net deferred tax assets each reporting period. As of June 30, 2023, we determined that a valuation allowance against our net deferred tax
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assets was no longer required primarily due to sustained tax profitability (pre-tax earnings or loss adjusted by permanent book to tax differences) beginning in 2022 through the first half of 2023, which was objective and verifiable evidence, and anticipated future earnings. Therefore, we believed it was more likely than not that we would achieve our forecasted three-year cumulative tax income results at the end of 2023.
When a change in valuation allowance is recognized during an interim period, the change in valuation allowance resulting from current year income is included in the annual effective tax rate and the release of valuation allowance supported by projections of future taxable income is recorded as a discrete tax benefit in the interim period. We released $55.9 million of our valuation allowance as a discrete tax benefit during the three months ended June 30, 2023. Our judgment regarding the need for a valuation allowance may reasonably change in future reporting periods due to many factors, including changes in the level of tax profitability that we achieve, changes in tax laws or regulations, and price fluctuations of our Class A common stock and its related future tax effects from our outstanding equity awards.
6. Debt
Our First Lien Credit Agreement (as amended from time to time, the "Credit Agreement") provides for (i) a $700.0 million term loan maturing on October 10, 2025 (“First Lien Term Loan Facility”); and (ii) a revolving credit facility for up to $100.0 million maturing on October 11, 2024 (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). On June 29, 2023 and July 7, 2023, we amended our Revolving Credit Facility and First Lien Term Loan Facility, respectively, to replace London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) with Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as the benchmark interest rate for borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility and First Lien Term Loan Facility, beginning in July 2023. The First Lien Term Loan Facility and Revolving Credit Facility are collateralized by substantially all of our assets and 100% of the equity interest of GoodRx.
First Lien Term Loan Facility
Up to and including June 30, 2023, borrowings under our First Lien Term Loan Facility accrued interest at an adjusted LIBOR plus a variable margin based on our most recently determined First Lien Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement), ranging from 2.75% to 3.00%. The effective interest rate on the First Lien Term Loan Facility for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was 8.37% and 4.06%, respectively. The effective interest rate on the First Lien Term Loan Facility for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was 8.09% and 3.72%, respectively. As of July 2023, borrowings under our First Lien Term Loan Facility will bear interest, at our option, at either (i) a term rate based on SOFR (“Term SOFR”) plus an adjustment ranging from 0.10% to 0.25% based on the term of the interest rate period plus a margin ranging from 2.75% to 3.00%; or (ii) an alternate base rate plus a margin ranging from 1.75% to 2.00%, both depending on our First Lien Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). The First Lien Term Loan Facility requires quarterly principal payments through September 2025, with any remaining unpaid principal and any accrued and unpaid interest due upon maturity. We may prepay the First Lien Term Loan Facility without penalty. .
Revolving Credit Facility
We had no borrowings against the Revolving Credit Facility as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. As of July 2023, borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility, if any, will bear interest, at our option, at either (i) Term SOFR plus a margin ranging from 2.50% to 3.00%; or (ii) an alternate base rate plus a margin ranging from 1.50% to 2.00%, each with the applicable margin dependent on our First Lien Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). We incur a commitment fee ranging from 0.25% to 0.50% per annum, depending on our First Lien Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement), on any unused commitments.
We had outstanding letters of credit issued against the Revolving Credit Facility for $9.2 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, which reduced our available borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility.
Our debt balance is as follows:

(in thousands) | June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Principal balance under First Lien Term Loan Facility | $ | 663,553 |  |  | $ | 667,068 |
Less: Unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts | (6,771) |  |  | (8,243) |
| $ | 656,782 |  |  | $ | 658,825 |

The estimated fair value of our debt was $660.2 million and $649.6 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, based on inputs categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
Under the Credit Agreement, we are subject to a financial covenant requiring maintenance of a First Lien Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) not to exceed 8.2 to 1.0 and other nonfinancial covenants. Additionally, GoodRx is restricted from making dividend payments, loans or advances to us. At June 30, 2023, we were in compliance with our covenants.
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7. Commitments and Contingencies
Aside from the below, as of June 30, 2023, there were no material changes to our commitments and contingencies as disclosed in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in our 2022 10-K.
In March 2020, we received a letter from the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") indicating its intent to investigate our privacy and security practices to determine whether such practices comply with Section 5 of the FTC Act. In April 2020, the FTC sent an initial request for information to us regarding our sharing of data regarding individuals’ use of our website, app and services with service providers, including Google and Facebook. Notwithstanding our belief that we complied with applicable regulations and had meritorious defenses to any claims or assertions to the contrary, on February 1, 2023, we reached a negotiated settlement with the FTC (a "proposed consent order") to resolve all claims and allegations arising out of or relating to the FTC investigation which included a monetary settlement amount of $1.5 million that was accrued as of December 31, 2022 and paid during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The proposed consent order was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California ("NDCA") and was approved and entered on February 17, 2023. The consent order also includes agreements to effect or maintain, as applicable, certain changes to our business practices, policies and compliance requirements that may impose additional costs that we do not believe will be material both individually and in the aggregate to us.
Between February 2, 2023, and March 30, 2023, five individual plaintiffs filed five separate putative class actions lawsuits against GoodRx Holdings, Inc., Google, Meta, and Criteo, alleging generally that we have not adequately protected consumer privacy and that we communicated consumer information to third parties, including the three co-defendants. Four of the plaintiffs allege California common law intrusion upon seclusion and unjust enrichment claims, as well as claims under California’s Medical Information Act, Invasion of Privacy Act, Consumer Legal Remedies Act, and Unfair Competition Law. One of these four plaintiffs additionally brings a claim under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act. The fifth plaintiff brings claims for common-law unjust enrichment and violations of New York’s General Business Law. The plaintiffs in these lawsuits are seeking various forms of monetary damages (such as statutory damages, compensatory damages, attorneys’ fees and disgorgement of profits) as well as injunctive relief. Four of these cases were originally filed in the NDCA (Cases No. 3:23-cv-00501; 3:23-cv-00744; 3:23-cv-00940; and 4:23-cv-01293). One case was originally filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Case No. 1:23-cv-00943); however, that case was voluntarily dismissed and re-filed in the NDCA (Case No. 3:23-cv-01508). These five matters have been consolidated and assigned to U.S. District Judge Araceli Martínez-Olguín in the NDCA. The court also set a briefing schedule for filing a single consolidated complaint as well as motions to dismiss and motions to compel arbitration. Briefing on the motions to dismiss and motions to compel arbitration will be completed by August 24, 2023 and heard on September 7, 2023. In addition, the court referred the parties to mediation, which has not been scheduled or discussed further yet at this time. We have not accrued a loss for this matter as a loss is not probable and reasonably estimable. While it is reasonably possible a loss may have been incurred, we are unable to estimate a loss or range of loss in this matter. This pending proceeding involves complex questions of fact and law and may require the expenditure of significant funds and the diversion of other resources to defend. The results of legal proceedings are inherently uncertain, and material adverse outcomes are reasonably possible.
In addition, during the normal course of business, we may become subject to, and are presently involved in, legal proceedings, claims and litigations. Such matters are subject to many uncertainties and outcomes are not predictable with assurance. Accruals for loss contingencies are recognized when a loss is probable, and the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated.
8. Revenue
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, revenue comprised the following:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Prescription transactions revenue | $ | 136,540 |  |  | $ | 134,403 |  |  | $ | 271,447 |  |  | $ | 289,910 |
Pharma manufacturer solutions revenue | 24,330 |  |  | 26,551 |  |  | 44,765 |  |  | 50,020 |
Subscription revenue | 23,878 |  |  | 25,985 |  |  | 48,021 |  |  | 45,095 |
Other revenue | 4,929 |  |  | 4,859 |  |  | 9,430 |  |  | 10,102 |
Total revenue | $ | 189,677 |  |  | $ | 191,798 |  |  | $ | 373,663 |  |  | $ | 395,127 |

9. Stockholders' Equity
Share Repurchases
On February 23, 2022, our board of directors (our "Board") authorized the repurchase of up to an aggregate of $250.0 million of our Class A common stock through February 23, 2024 (the "repurchase program"). Repurchases under the repurchase program may be made in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, with the amount
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and timing of repurchases to be determined at our discretion, depending on market conditions and corporate needs, or under a trading plan intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c)(1) under the Exchange Act (a "Rule 10b5-1 Plan"). This repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of Class A common stock and may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time at the discretion of our Board. As of June 30, 2023, we had $129.8 million available for future repurchases of our Class A common stock under the repurchase program.
The following table presents information about our repurchases of our Class A common stock:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Number of shares repurchased | 1,663 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,233 |  |  | 5,637 |
Cost of shares repurchased | $ | 8,920 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,437 |  |  | $ | 83,765 |

Former Co-Chief Executive Officers and Interim Chief Executive Officer
On April 25, 2023, Trevor Bezdek and Douglas Hirsch transitioned from our co-Chief Executive Officers to Chairman of the Board and Chief Mission Officer, respectively, in addition to continuing as directors of our Board (the “Transition”). Pursuant to their restated employment agreements as a result of the Transition, Messrs. Bezdek and Hirsch have agreed not to sell their ownership of any of our common stock without approval from our Board, subject to certain exceptions including, but not limited to, pursuant to any new, modified or amended contract, instruction or written plan intended as a Rule 10b5-1 Plan that has been approved or will be approved by our Board after April 25, 2023 or an existing Rule 10b5-1 Plan as of such date.
In connection with the Transition, our Board appointed Scott Wagner as our Interim Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer), effective April 25, 2023. Pursuant to Mr. Wagner's employment agreement, Mr. Wagner was eligible to receive, amongst other compensation terms and conditions, a stock option award covering between 2.5 million and 3.0 million shares of our Class A common stock, with the final number determined by our Board in its sole discretion. On May 12, 2023, our Board granted Mr. Wagner a stock option award covering 3.0 million shares of our Class A common stock. The grant date fair value of the stock option award was $9.6 million, which vests and becomes exercisable in twelve substantially equal installments on each monthly anniversary of April 25, 2023, subject to Mr. Wagner’s continued employment through the applicable vesting date.
10. Basic and Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share
The computation of earnings (loss) per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 58,786 |  |  | $ | (1,415) |  |  | $ | 55,496 |  |  | $ | 10,878 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares - basic | 412,221 |  |  | 412,135 |  |  | 412,322 |  |  | 413,405 |
Dilutive impact of stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units | 2,114 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,051 |  |  | 9,672 |
Weighted average shares - diluted | 414,335 |  |  | 412,135 |  |  | 414,373 |  |  | 423,077 |
Earnings (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.14 |  |  | $ | (0.00) |  |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | 0.03 |
Diluted | $ | 0.14 |  |  | $ | (0.00) |  |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | 0.03 |

The following weighted average potentially dilutive shares are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units | 29,430 |  | 27,057 |  | 30,470 |  | 6,742

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11. Subsequent Events
First Lien Term Loan Facility Amendment
On July 7, 2023, we amended our First Lien Term Loan Facility to replace LIBOR with SOFR as the benchmark interest rate, see "Note 6. Debt."
Restructuring Plan
On August 7, 2023, our Board approved a multi-phase plan to de-prioritize certain solutions under our pharma manufacturer solutions offering (the “Restructuring Plan”), which included (i) a reduction in force involving employees of our wholly-owned subsidiaries GoodRx, Inc. and vitaCare; (ii) the entry into retention agreements with certain other employees for the purpose of maintaining business continuity; and (iii) the restructuring or termination of certain solutions and arrangements with our clients to better align with our strategic goals and future scale. These actions are part of our continued strategic focus on scaling and re-balancing our cost structure to drive improved margins. The Restructuring Plan is expected to be substantially complete by the end of 2023.
In connection with the Restructuring Plan, we estimate that we will incur total pre-tax charges of approximately $55 million to $75 million, substantially all of which is expected to be incurred in the third and fourth quarters of 2023. These estimated charges include (i) non-cash charges of approximately $50 million to $60 million substantially relating to accelerated amortization of certain intangible assets, principally related to developed technology and customer relationships acquired in connection with the acquisition of vitaCare, and other software abandonment charges; (ii) cash expenditures relating to various headcount reduction and personnel initiatives of approximately $5 million to $10 million; and (iii) cash expenditures relating to restructuring or termination of certain client contracts of up to $5 million. The foregoing charges are estimates and subject to a number of assumptions, and actual results may differ materially. We may incur other material charges and expenses not currently contemplated due to events that may occur as a result of, or in connection with, these restructuring activities.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” included in our 2022 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current plans, expectations and beliefs involving risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth in the "Risk Factors" sections of our 2022 10-K and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other factors set forth in other parts of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our filings with the SEC.
Glossary of Selected Terminology
As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless the context otherwise requires, references to:
•“we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” “GoodRx,” and similar references refer to GoodRx Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
•“consumers” refer to the general population in the United States that uses or otherwise purchases healthcare products and services. References to “our consumers” or “GoodRx consumers” refer to consumers that have used one or more of our offerings.
•“discounted price” refers to a price for a prescription provided on our platform that represents a negotiated rate provided by one of our PBM partners at a retail pharmacy. Through our platform, our discounted prices are free to access for consumers by saving a GoodRx code to their mobile device for their selected prescription and presenting it at the chosen pharmacy. The term “discounted price” excludes prices we may otherwise source, such as prices from patient assistance programs for low-income individuals and Medicare prices, and any negotiated rates offered through our subscription offerings: GoodRx Gold (“Gold”), and Kroger Rx Savings Club powered by GoodRx (“Kroger Savings”).
•“GoodRx code” refers to codes that can be accessed by our consumers through our apps or websites or that can be provided to our consumers directly by healthcare professionals, including physicians and pharmacists, that allow our consumers free access to our discounted prices or a lower list price for their prescriptions when such code is presented at their chosen pharmacy.
•“Monthly Active Consumers” refers to the number of unique consumers who have used a GoodRx code to purchase a prescription medication in a given calendar month and have saved money compared to the list price of the medication. A unique consumer who uses a GoodRx code more than once in a calendar month to purchase prescription medications is only counted as one Monthly Active Consumer in that month. A unique consumer who uses a GoodRx code in two or three calendar months within a quarter will be counted as a Monthly Active Consumer in each such month. Monthly Active Consumers do not include subscribers to our subscription offerings, consumers of our pharma manufacturer solutions offering, or consumers who used our telehealth offerings. When presented for a period longer than a month, Monthly Active Consumers is averaged over the number of calendar months in such period. For example, a unique consumer who uses a GoodRx code twice in January, but who did not use our prescription transactions offering again in February or March, is counted as 1 in January and as 0 in both February and March, thus contributing 0.33 to our Monthly Active Consumers for such quarter (average of 1, 0 and 0). A unique consumer who uses a GoodRx code in January and in March, but did not use our prescription transactions offering in February, would be counted as 1 in January, 0 in February and 1 in March, thus contributing 0.66 to our Monthly Active Consumers for such quarter. Monthly Active Consumers from acquired companies are only included beginning in the first full quarter following the acquisition.
•“PBM” refers to a pharmacy benefit manager. PBMs aggregate demand to negotiate prescription medication prices with pharmacies and pharma manufacturers. PBMs find most of their demand through relationships with insurance companies and employers. However, nearly all PBMs also have consumer direct or cash network pricing that they negotiate with pharmacies for consumers who choose to purchase prescriptions outside of insurance.
•“pharma” is an abbreviation for pharmaceutical.
•“savings,” “saved” and similar references refer to the difference between the list price for a particular prescription at a particular pharmacy and the price paid by the GoodRx consumer for that prescription utilizing a GoodRx code available through our platform at that same pharmacy. In certain circumstances, we may show a list price on our platform when such list price is lower than the negotiated price available using a GoodRx code and, in certain circumstances, a consumer may use a GoodRx code and pay the list price at a pharmacy if such list price is lower than the negotiated price available using a GoodRx code. We do not earn revenue from such transactions, but our savings calculation includes an estimate of the savings achieved by the consumer because our platform has directed the consumer to the pharmacy with the low list price. This
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estimate of savings when the consumer pays the list price is based on internal data and is calculated as the difference between the average list price across all pharmacies where GoodRx consumers paid the list price and the average list price paid by consumers in the pharmacies to which we directed them. We do not calculate savings based on insurance prices as we do not have information about a consumer’s specific coverage or price. We do not believe savings are representative or indicative of our revenue or results of operations.
•“subscribers” and similar references refers to our consumers that are subscribed to either of our subscription offerings, Gold or Kroger Savings. References to subscription plans as of a particular date represents an active subscription to either one of our aforementioned subscription offerings as of the specified date. Each subscription plan may represent more than one subscriber since family subscription plans may include multiple members.
Certain monetary amounts, percentages, and other figures included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been subject to rounding adjustments. Percentage amounts included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have not in all cases been calculated on the basis of such rounded figures, but on the basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, percentage amounts in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may vary from those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Certain other amounts that appear in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not sum due to rounding.
Overview
Our mission is to help Americans get the healthcare they need at a price they can afford. To achieve this, we are building the leading resource for healthcare savings and information in the United States. We believe our financial results reflect the significant market demand for our offerings and the value that we provide to the broader healthcare ecosystem; however, our financial results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 have been materially impacted by the sustained effects of certain events that occurred during 2022.
Late in the first quarter of 2022, a grocery chain took actions that impacted acceptance of discounted pricing for a subset of prescription drugs from PBMs, who are one category of our customers, and whose pricing we promote on our platform (such events referred to as the grocer issue). This had a material adverse impact on our prescription transactions revenue and Monthly Active Consumers, which was partially offset by our ability to shift certain prescription transactions to other retailers. Although the grocer issue was addressed in August 2022 and our discounted pricing has since been consistently welcomed at the point of sale by the grocery chain, beginning in the second quarter of 2022, it has had and is expected to continue to have a sustained adverse impact on our prescription transactions revenue and Monthly Active Consumers due to consumer response to updated consumer pricing and the timing and extent of returning user levels. We have not experienced, and are not aware of, PBM-pharmacy issues at any other large volume pharmacies, with the exception of the grocery chain described above, and we believe our pharmacy and PBM relationships remain strong. For additional information, please see sections entitled “Risk Factors" in our 2022 10-K and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
In addition to the above, but to a lesser extent, the acquisition of vitaCare Prescription Services, Inc. ("vitaCare") in April 2022 also had a negative impact on our net income, net income margin, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. vitaCare has a higher cost of revenue due to the operational nature of the business and has historically generated net losses and negative Adjusted EBITDA. On August 7, 2023, our board of directors (our "Board") approved a plan to de-prioritize certain solutions provided under our pharma manufacturer solutions offering, including vitaCare. See section titled "Recent Developments" below for additional information.
For the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the same period of 2022:
•Revenue decreased 1% to $189.7 million from $191.8 million;
•Net income and net income margin were $58.8 million and 31.0%, respectively, compared to net loss and net loss margin of $1.4 million and 0.7%, respectively; and
•Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin were $53.5 million and 28.2%, respectively, compared to $47.2 million and 24.6%, respectively.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the same period of 2022:
•Revenue decreased 5% to $373.7 million from $395.1 million;
•Net income and net income margin were $55.5 million and 14.9%, respectively, up from $10.9 million and 2.8%, respectively; and
•Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin were $106.7 million and 28.6%, respectively, compared to $111.9 million and 28.3%, respectively.
Revenue, net income (loss) and net income (loss) margin are financial measures prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are
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non-GAAP financial measures. For a reconciliation and presentation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, information about why we consider Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin useful and a discussion of the material risks and limitations of these measures, please see “Key Financial and Operating Metrics—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below.
Seasonality
We typically experience stronger consumer demand during the first and fourth quarters of each year, which coincide with generally higher consumer healthcare spending, doctor office visits, annual benefit enrollment season, and seasonal cold and flu trends. In addition, we may experience stronger demand for our pharma manufacturer solutions offering during the fourth quarter of each year, which coincides with pharma manufacturers' annual budgetary spending patterns. This seasonality may impact revenue and sales and marketing expense. The grocer issue and the ongoing impact of COVID-19 may have masked these trends in recent periods and may continue to impact these trends in the future.
Recent Developments
Caremark Cost Saver
In July 2023, we announced the launch of Caremark Cost Saver to help lower pharmacy out-of-pocket drug costs for CVS Caremark's eligible members. Through the new program, these members will have automatic access to our prescription pricing to allow them to pay lower prices, when available, on generic medications. This program is anticipated to launch in early 2024.
First Lien Term Loan Facility Amendment
We amended our First Lien Term Loan Facility in July 2023 to replace LIBOR with SOFR as the benchmark interest rate. See Note 6 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.
Restructuring Plan
On August 7, 2023, our Board approved a multi-phase plan to de-prioritize certain solutions under our pharma manufacturer solutions offering (the “Restructuring Plan”), which included (i) a reduction in force involving employees of our wholly-owned subsidiaries GoodRx, Inc. and vitaCare; (ii) the entry into retention agreements with certain other employees for the purpose of maintaining business continuity; and (iii) the restructuring or termination of certain solutions and arrangements with our clients to better align with our strategic goals and future scale. These actions are part of our continued strategic focus on scaling and re-balancing our cost structure to drive improved margins. The Restructuring Plan is expected to be substantially complete by the end of 2023.
In connection with the Restructuring Plan, we estimate that we will incur total pre-tax charges of approximately $55 million to $75 million, substantially all of which is expected to be incurred in the third and fourth quarters of 2023. These estimated charges include (i) non-cash charges of approximately $50 million to $60 million substantially relating to accelerated amortization of certain intangible assets, principally related to developed technology and customer relationships acquired in connection with the acquisition of vitaCare, and other software abandonment charges; (ii) cash expenditures relating to various headcount reduction and personnel initiatives of approximately $5 million to $10 million; and (iii) cash expenditures relating to restructuring or termination of certain client contracts of up to $5 million. The foregoing estimated cash expenditures relating to various headcount reduction and personnel initiatives almost entirely consist of termination charges arising from severance obligations, continuation of salaries and benefits over a 60-day transitional period during which impacted employees remain employed but are not expected to provide active service, and other customary employee benefit payments in connection with a reduction in force as well as retention charges for certain other employees. These restructuring activities are expected to result in approximately $18 million to $22 million of annualized run rate cash savings.
We may incur other material charges and expenses not currently contemplated due to events that may occur as a result of, or in connection with, these restructuring activities. The foregoing charges we expect to incur under the Restructuring Plan and the annualized run rate cash savings are estimates and subject to a number of assumptions, and actual results may differ materially.
We expect the results of these restructuring activities to adversely impact our pharma manufacturer solutions revenue by approximately mid single digit millions in the second half of 2023, which will have a sustained impact on our pharma manufacturer solutions revenue in the medium term. In addition, we expect the run rate cash savings to principally impact future cost of revenues.
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Key Financial and Operating Metrics
We use Monthly Active Consumers, subscription plans, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin to assess our performance, make strategic and offering decisions and build our financial projections. The number of Monthly Active Consumers and subscription plans are key indicators of the scale of our consumer base and a gauge for our marketing and engagement efforts. We believe these operating metrics reflect our scale, growth and engagement with consumers.
We exited the second quarter of 2023 with over 7 million prescription-related consumers that used GoodRx across our prescription transactions and subscription offerings. Our prescription-related consumers represent the sum of Monthly Active Consumers for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and subscribers to our subscription plans as of June 30, 2023.
Monthly Active Consumers
Monthly Active Consumers beginning with the second quarter of 2022 were impacted by the grocer issue.

| Three Months Ended
(in millions) | June 30, 2023 |  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022 |  | June 30, 2022 |  | March 31, 2022
Monthly Active Consumers | 6.1 |  | 6.1 |  | 5.9 |  | 5.8 |  | 5.8 |  | 6.4

Subscription Plans
Beginning in 2022, subscription plans have been impacted by a pricing increase for Gold subscribers that went into effect in the first half of 2022 and a sequential decline in our subscription plans for Kroger Savings as a result of reduced marketing spend in relation to the offering. We expect our subscription plans for Kroger Savings to continue to sequentially decline through July 2024, the expected sunset of the program.

| As of
(in thousands) | June 30, 2023 |  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022 |  | June 30, 2022 |  | March 31, 2022
Subscription plans | 969 |  | 1,007 |  | 1,030 |  | 1,060 |  | 1,133 |  | 1,203

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are key measures we use to assess our financial performance and are also used for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are helpful to investors, analysts and other interested parties because they can assist in providing a more consistent and comparable overview of our operations across our historical financial periods. In addition, these measures are frequently used by analysts, investors and other interested parties to evaluate and assess performance.
We define Adjusted EBITDA for a particular period as net income or loss before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, and as further adjusted, as applicable, for acquisition related expenses, stock-based compensation expense, payroll tax expense related to stock-based compensation, loss on extinguishment of debt, financing related expenses, loss on operating lease assets, restructuring related expenses, legal settlement expenses, charitable stock donation, gain on sale of business and other income or expense, net. Adjusted EBITDA Margin represents Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue.
Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are non-GAAP financial measures and are presented for supplemental informational purposes only and should not be considered as alternatives or substitutes to financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. These measures have certain limitations in that they do not include the impact of certain expenses that are reflected in our condensed consolidated statements of operations that are necessary to run our business. Other companies, including other companies in our industry, may not use these measures or may calculate these measures differently than as presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.
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The following table presents a reconciliation of net income (loss), the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA, and presents net income (loss) margin, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, with Adjusted EBITDA Margin:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net income (loss) | $ | 58,786 |  |  | $ | (1,415) |  |  | $ | 55,496 |  |  | $ | 10,878 |
Adjusted to exclude the following: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | (7,814) |  |  | (857) |  |  | (15,048) |  |  | (909) |
Interest expense | 14,054 |  |  | 6,969 |  |  | 27,187 |  |  | 12,838 |
Income tax benefit | (46,718) |  |  | (8,744) |  |  | (39,832) |  |  | (7,093) |
Depreciation and amortization | 16,097 |  |  | 13,319 |  |  | 31,036 |  |  | 24,692 |
Other expense (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,808 |  |  | — |
Financing related expenses (2) | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Acquisition related expenses (3) | 385 |  |  | 3,001 |  |  | 1,441 |  |  | 4,974 |
Restructuring related expenses (4) | — |  |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | 356 |
Legal settlement expenses (5) | — |  |  | 2,800 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,800 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 17,897 |  |  | 31,633 |  |  | 43,396 |  |  | 61,782 |
Payroll tax expense related to stock-based compensation | 405 |  |  | 472 |  |  | 845 |  |  | 1,555 |
Loss on operating lease assets (6) | 374 |  |  | — |  |  | 374 |  |  | — |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 53,466 |  |  | $ | 47,228 |  |  | $ | 106,703 |  |  | $ | 111,882 |
Revenue | $ | 189,677 |  |  | $ | 191,798 |  |  | $ | 373,663 |  |  | $ | 395,127 |
Net income (loss) margin (7) | 31.0 | % |  | (0.7 | %) |  | 14.9 | % |  | 2.8 | %
Adjusted EBITDA Margin | 28.2 | % |  | 24.6 | % |  | 28.6 | % |  | 28.3 | %

______________________
(1)Other expense represents the impairment loss on one of our minority equity interest investments.
(2)Financing related expenses include third-party fees related to proposed financings.
(3)Acquisition related expenses principally include costs for actual or planned acquisitions including related third-party fees, legal, consulting and other expenditures, and as applicable, severance costs and retention bonuses to employees related to acquisitions and change in fair value of contingent consideration.
(4)Restructuring related expenses include employee severance and other personnel related costs in connection with workforce optimization and organizational changes to better align with our strategic goals and future scale.
(5)Legal settlement expenses represent the estimated amount accrued with respect to the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") negotiated settlement. The estimated accrual was adjusted in the fourth quarter of 2022 to reflect the actual negotiated settlement amount of $1.5 million. See Note 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(6)Loss on operating lease assets include, as applicable for the periods presented, losses incurred relating to the abandonment or sublease of certain leased office spaces and disposal of related capitalized costs.
(7)Net income (loss) margin represents net income or net loss, as applicable, as a percentage of revenue.
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Components of our Results of Operations
Revenue
Our revenue is primarily derived from prescription transactions revenue that is generated when pharmacies fill prescriptions for consumers, and from other revenue streams such as our pharma manufacturer solutions, subscription offerings, and our telehealth offering. All of our revenue has been generated in the United States. We consider PBMs, pharmacies, pharma manufacturers and our subscribers, with whom we have direct contractual agreements, to be our primary customers.
•Prescription transactions revenue: Consists primarily of revenue generated from PBMs when a prescription is filled with a GoodRx code provided through our platform. The majority of our contracts with PBMs provide for fees that represent a percentage of the fees that PBMs charge to the pharmacy, and a minority of our contracts provide for a fixed fee per transaction. Our percentage of fee contracts often also include a minimum fixed fee per transaction. Certain contracts also provide that the amount of fees we receive is based on the volume of prescriptions filled each month. We expect the revenue contribution from contracts with fixed fee arrangements to remain largely stable over the medium term, and do not expect that changes in revenue contribution from fixed fee versus percentage of fee arrangements will materially impact our revenue from PBMs. Beginning in late 2022, we began to enter into direct contractual agreements with pharmacies, which generally provide for lower fees per transaction relative to prescriptions filled through our agreements with PBMs. Our contracts with pharmacies provide consumers access to discounted prices. We earn fixed fees per transaction from such pharmacies when a prescription is filled with a GoodRx code provided through our platform. We expect to increase direct contractual relationships with more pharmacies in proportion to existing contractual agreements with our PBMs in the near term.
•Pharma manufacturer solutions revenue: Consists primarily of revenue generated from pharma manufacturers and other customers for advertising, including integrating onto our platform their affordability solutions to our consumers, and also from prescription transaction fees generated when pharmacies fill prescriptions for products sold by pharma manufacturers via our vitaCare pharmacy services solution.
•Subscription revenue: Consists of revenue from our Gold and Kroger Savings subscription offerings.
•Other revenue: Consists of revenue generated by our telehealth offering that allows consumers to access healthcare professionals online.
Costs and Operating Expenses
We incur the following expenses directly related to our cost of revenue and operating expenses:
•Cost of revenue: Consists primarily of costs related to outsourced consumer support; healthcare provider costs; personnel costs including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation expense, for our consumer support employees; hosting and cloud costs; merchant account fees; processing fees; allocated overhead; and as applicable, fulfillment costs for certain solutions provided to customers under our pharma manufacturer solutions offering. Cost of revenue is largely driven by the growth of our visitor, subscriber and active consumer base, as well as our offering mix. Our cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue may vary based on the change in mix of our various offerings.
•Product development and technology: Consists primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation expense, for employees involved in product development activities; costs related to third-party services and contractors related to product development, information technology and software; and allocated overhead. Product development and technology expenses are primarily driven by changes in headcount and investments to support and develop our various products. We capitalize certain qualified costs related to the development of internal-use software, which may also cause product development and technology expenses to vary from period to period.
•Sales and marketing: Consists primarily of advertising and promotional expenses for consumer acquisition and retention including consumer (who are not our customers) discounts and incentives; as well as personnel costs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation expense and sales commissions, for sales and marketing employees; costs related to third-party services and contractors; and allocated overhead. Sales and marketing expenses are primarily driven by investments to grow and retain our consumer base and may fluctuate based on the timing of our investments in consumer acquisition and retention. We continuously evaluate the impact of sales and marketing activities on our business and actively manage our sales and marketing spend, including our investments in consumer acquisition, which is largely variable, as market and business conditions change.
•General and administrative: Consists primarily of personnel costs including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation expense for our executive, finance, accounting, legal, and human resources functions; as well as professional fees; occupancy costs; other general overhead costs; and as applicable,
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change in fair value of contingent consideration, loss on operating lease assets, gain on sale of business and charitable donations.
•Depreciation and amortization: Consists of depreciation of property and equipment and amortization of capitalized internal-use software costs and intangible assets. Our depreciation and amortization changes primarily based on changes in our property and equipment, intangible assets, and capitalized software balances.
Other Expense, Net
Our other expense, net consists of the following:
•Other expense: Consists primarily of miscellaneous expense that are not core to our operations.
•Interest income: Consists primarily of interest income earned on excess cash held in interest-bearing accounts.
•Interest expense: Consists primarily of interest expense associated with our debt arrangements, including amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts.
Income Taxes
Our income taxes consists of federal and state income taxes. Our effective income tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to effects of non-deductible officers’ stock-based compensation expense, changes in the valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets, state income taxes, research and development tax credits and tax effects from our equity awards. For information regarding our calculation of income taxes in interim periods, see Note 5 to our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Results of Operations
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
The following table sets forth our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

(dollars in thousands) | Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  | % of Total Revenue |  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 |  | % of Total Revenue |  | Change ($) |  | Change (%)
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prescription transactions revenue | $ | 136,540 |  |  | 72% |  | $ | 134,403 |  |  | 70% |  | $ | 2,137 |  |  | 2%
Pharma manufacturer solutions revenue | 24,330 |  |  | 13% |  | 26,551 |  |  | 14% |  | (2,221) |  |  | (8%)
Subscription revenue | 23,878 |  |  | 13% |  | 25,985 |  |  | 14% |  | (2,107) |  |  | (8%)
Other revenue | 4,929 |  |  | 3% |  | 4,859 |  |  | 3% |  | 70 |  |  | 1%
Total revenue | 189,677 |  |  |  |  | 191,798 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs and operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization presented separately below | 16,339 |  |  | 9% |  | 18,044 |  |  | 9% |  | (1,705) |  |  | (9%)
Product development and technology | 31,285 |  |  | 16% |  | 35,404 |  |  | 18% |  | (4,119) |  |  | (12%)
Sales and marketing | 77,440 |  |  | 41% |  | 94,338 |  |  | 49% |  | (16,898) |  |  | (18%)
General and administrative | 30,208 |  |  | 16% |  | 34,740 |  |  | 18% |  | (4,532) |  |  | (13%)
Depreciation and amortization | 16,097 |  |  | 8% |  | 13,319 |  |  | 7% |  | 2,778 |  |  | 21%
Total costs and operating expenses | 171,369 |  |  |  |  | 195,845 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income (loss) | 18,308 |  |  |  |  | (4,047) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other expense, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 7,814 |  |  | 4% |  | 857 |  |  | 0% |  | 6,957 |  |  | 812%
Interest expense | (14,054) |  |  | 7% |  | (6,969) |  |  | 4% |  | (7,085) |  |  | 102%
Total other expense, net | (6,240) |  |  |  |  | (6,112) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 12,068 |  |  |  |  | (10,159) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax benefit | 46,718 |  |  | 25% |  | 8,744 |  |  | 5% |  | 37,974 |  |  | 434%
Net income (loss) | $ | 58,786 |  |  |  |  | $ | (1,415) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Revenue
Prescription transactions revenue increased $2.1 million, or 2%, year-over-year, primarily driven by a 5% increase in the number of our Monthly Active Consumers partially offset by an ongoing shift in the volume of prescription transactions to certain retailers with lower pricing relative to prescription transactions processed through the grocer as a result of the grocer issue as described above. In addition, we expect a modest decrease in prescription transactions revenue per prescription transaction in the near term as we focus on increasing the volume of prescription transactions processed through pharmacies that we directly contract with, which currently do and may in the future provide lower pricing relative to prescription transactions processed through our PBMs.
Pharma manufacturer solutions revenue decreased $2.2 million, or 8%, year-over-year, primarily driven by our increased focus on prioritizing service arrangements with high levels of recurring revenue potential relative to the prior year and moderation in spending across pharma manufacturers, partially offset by an increase of $1.3 million in revenue contribution from vitaCare, an acquisition we completed in April 2022. Despite a moderation in spend across pharma manufacturers in the near term, we expect pharma manufacturer solutions revenue to grow sequentially in absolute dollars through the second half of 2023 as we believe macro trends support pharma manufacturers' shift to more digital solutions and as we continue to scale and expand available services, capabilities and platforms of our pharma manufacturer solutions offering.
Subscription revenue decreased $2.1 million, or 8%, year-over-year, primarily driven by a 14% decrease in the number of subscription plans to 969 thousand as of June 30, 2023 compared to 1,133 thousand as of June 30, 2022, largely as a result of the sunset of Kroger Savings. The year-over-year decrease in subscription revenue was partially offset by the effects of the pricing increase for Gold subscribers in the first half of 2022. We do not believe the grocer issue materially impacted subscription revenue through the second quarter of 2023.
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Other revenue stayed relatively flat year-over-year. Other than revenue from vitaCare relative to pharma manufacturer solutions revenue, our acquisitions individually and in the aggregate did not materially contribute to the change in our revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same period of 2022. We do not believe the expected sunset of Kroger Savings in July 2024 will have a material impact on our future revenue and financial results.
Costs and Operating Expenses
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization
Cost of revenue decreased $1.7 million, or 9%, year-over-year, primarily driven by a $1.9 million decrease in fulfillment costs for certain solutions provided to customers under our pharma manufacturer solutions offering.
Product development and technology
Product development and technology expenses decreased $4.1 million, or 12%, year-over-year, primarily driven by a $3.9 million decrease in payroll and related costs due to lower average headcount and higher capitalization of certain qualified costs related to the development of internal-use software in the three months ended June 30, 2023 relative to the same period of 2022 due to greater investment in our products that better align with our strategic goals and future scale.
Sales and marketing
Sales and marketing expenses decreased $16.9 million, or 18%, year-over-year, primarily driven by a $11.4 million decrease in payroll and related costs due to lower average headcount and reversal of previously recognized stock-based compensation expense as certain performance milestones were no longer probable of being met, and a $9.7 million decrease in advertising expenses, partially offset by a $2.6 million increase in third-party marketing and referral services, and a $1.2 million increase in promotional expenses, substantially in the form of consumer discounts, as we proactively managed our spend to better align with our strategic goals and future scale.
General and administrative
General and administrative expenses decreased $4.5 million, or 13%, year-over-year, primarily driven by a $6.2 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense related to awards granted to our co-founders (the "Founders Awards") in connection with our initial public offering ("IPO") in 2020 and a $2.8 million estimated legal settlement accrual recognized in the second quarter of 2022 with respect to the then-pending FTC investigation. The year-over-year change in general and administrative expenses was partially offset by a $5.4 million increase in payroll and related expenses, principally driven by a $1.7 million stock-based compensation expense related to a stock option award granted to our Interim Chief Executive Officer in the second quarter of 2023.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $2.8 million, or 21%, year-over-year, primarily driven by a $3.5 million increase in capitalized software amortization due to higher capitalized costs for platform improvements and the introduction of new products and features.
Interest Income
Interest income increased by $7.0 million year-over-year primarily due to higher interest rates earned on cash equivalents held in U.S. treasury securities money market funds.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased by $7.1 million, or 102%, year-over-year, primarily due to higher interest rates, partially offset by lower average debt balances.
Income Taxes
For the three months ended June 30, 2023, we had an income tax benefit of $46.7 million compared to $8.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and an effective income tax rate of (387.1%) and 86.1%, respectively. The year-over-year increase in our income tax benefit was primarily due to the discrete release of $55.9 million of our valuation allowance on beginning of year deferred tax assets in the three months ended June 30, 2023, partially offset by changes in our estimated annual effective income tax rate year-over-year driven by the current year tax effects from our valuation allowance. For information regarding our valuation allowance analysis, see Part I, Item 2, "Management’s Discussion and
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Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates—Income Taxes—Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets" included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
The following table sets forth our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

(dollars in thousands) | Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  | % of Total Revenue |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 |  | % of Total Revenue |  | Change ($) |  | Change (%)
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prescription transactions revenue | $ | 271,447 |  |  | 73% |  | $ | 289,910 |  |  | 73% |  | $ | (18,463) |  |  | (6%)
Pharma manufacturer solutions revenue | 44,765 |  |  | 12% |  | 50,020 |  |  | 13% |  | (5,255) |  |  | (11%)
Subscription revenue | 48,021 |  |  | 13% |  | 45,095 |  |  | 11% |  | 2,926 |  |  | 6%
Other revenue | 9,430 |  |  | 3% |  | 10,102 |  |  | 3% |  | (672) |  |  | (7%)
Total revenue | 373,663 |  |  |  |  | 395,127 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs and operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization presented separately below | 33,034 |  |  | 9% |  | 30,324 |  |  | 8% |  | 2,710 |  |  | 9%
Product development and technology | 64,193 |  |  | 17% |  | 70,446 |  |  | 18% |  | (6,253) |  |  | (9%)
Sales and marketing | 155,962 |  |  | 42% |  | 187,288 |  |  | 47% |  | (31,326) |  |  | (17%)
General and administrative | 59,827 |  |  | 16% |  | 66,663 |  |  | 17% |  | (6,836) |  |  | (10%)
Depreciation and amortization | 31,036 |  |  | 8% |  | 24,692 |  |  | 6% |  | 6,344 |  |  | 26%
Total costs and operating expenses | 344,052 |  |  |  |  | 379,413 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | 29,611 |  |  |  |  | 15,714 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other expense, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other expense | (1,808) |  |  | 0% |  | — |  |  | 0% |  | (1,808) |  |  | n/m
Interest income | 15,048 |  |  | 4% |  | 909 |  |  | 0% |  | 14,139 |  |  | 1,555%
Interest expense | (27,187) |  |  | 7% |  | (12,838) |  |  | 3% |  | (14,349) |  |  | 112%
Total other expense, net | (13,947) |  |  |  |  | (11,929) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income before income taxes | 15,664 |  |  |  |  | 3,785 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax benefit | 39,832 |  |  | 11% |  | 7,093 |  |  | 2% |  | 32,739 |  |  | 462%
Net income | $ | 55,496 |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,878 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Revenue
Prescription transactions revenue decreased $18.5 million, or 6%, year-over-year, while Monthly Active Consumers remained relatively flat, primarily driven by the effects of the grocer issue described above and an ongoing shift in the volume of prescription transactions to certain retailers with lower pricing relative to prescription transactions processed through the grocer.
Pharma manufacturer solutions revenue decreased $5.3 million, or 11%, year-over-year, driven by the same factors described above in our discussion of the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. vitaCare, an acquisition completed in April 2022, provided an increase of $3.7 million in revenue contribution for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same period of 2022.
Subscription revenue increased $2.9 million, or 6%, year-over-year, primarily driven by the effects of the pricing increase for Gold subscribers in the first half of 2022, partially offset by a 14% decrease in the number of subscription plans to 969 thousand as of June 30, 2023 compared to 1,133 thousand as of June 30, 2022, largely as a result of the sunset of Kroger Savings.
Other revenue stayed relatively flat year-over-year. Other than revenue from vitaCare relative to pharma manufacturer solutions revenue, our acquisitions individually and in the aggregate did not materially contribute to the change in our revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same period of 2022. For expected revenue trends, see our discussion and analysis above for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same period of 2022.
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Costs and Operating Expenses
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization
Cost of revenue increased $2.7 million, or 9%, year-over-year, primarily driven by a $3.5 million increase in allocated overhead as well as outsourced and in-house personnel and other costs related to consumer support, principally as a result of vitaCare, partially offset by a $2.0 million decrease in fulfillment costs for certain solutions provided to customers under our pharma manufacturer solutions offering.
Product development and technology
Product development and technology expenses decreased $6.3 million, or 9%, year-over-year, primarily driven by a $6.1 million decrease in payroll and related costs due to higher capitalization of certain qualified costs related to the development of internal-use software and lower average headcount in the six months ended June 30, 2023 relative to the same period of 2022 due to greater investment in our products that better align with our strategic goals and future scale.
Sales and marketing
Sales and marketing expenses decreased $31.3 million, or 17%, year-over-year, primarily driven by a $37.1 million decrease in advertising expenses and a $12.4 million decrease in payroll and related costs principally due to a reversal of previously recognized stock-based compensation expense as certain performance milestones were no longer probable of being met and lower average headcount, partially offset by a $9.2 million increase in promotional expenses, substantially in the form of consumer discounts, as we proactively managed our spend to better align with our strategic goals and future scale. The net impact from these items was further offset by a $8.2 million increase in third-party marketing and referral services.
General and administrative
General and administrative expenses decreased $6.8 million, or 10%, year-over-year, primarily driven by a $13.2 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense related to the Founders Awards and a $2.8 million estimated legal settlement accrual recognized in the second quarter of 2022 with respect to the then-pending FTC investigation, partially offset by a $11.3 million increase in payroll and related expenses, principally due to changes in our employee composition and increased equity grants to existing and new employees in the six months ended June 30, 2023 relative to the same period of 2022.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $6.3 million, or 26%, year-over-year, primarily driven by a $6.7 million increase in capitalized software amortization due to higher capitalized costs for platform improvements and the introduction of new products and features.
Other Expense
Other expense increased by $1.8 million year-over-year, due to an impairment loss on one of our minority equity interest investments.
Interest Income
Interest income increased by $14.1 million year-over-year, primarily due to higher interest rates earned on cash equivalents held in U.S. treasury securities money market funds.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased by $14.3 million, or 112%, year-over-year, primarily due to higher interest rates, partially offset by lower average debt balances.
Income Taxes
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we had an income tax benefit of $39.8 million compared to $7.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and an effective income tax rate of (254.3%) and (187.4%), respectively. The year-over-year increase in our income tax benefit was primarily due to the discrete release of $55.9 million of our valuation allowance on beginning of year deferred tax assets in the three months ended June 30, 2023. The year-over-year increase in the income tax benefit was partially offset by a decrease in our excess stock benefits from our equity awards and changes in our estimated annual effective income tax rate year-over-year driven by the current year tax effects from our valuation
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allowance. For information regarding our valuation allowance analysis, see Part I, Item 2, "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates—Income Taxes—Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets" included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash provided by operating activities, equity issuances, and borrowings under our long-term debt arrangements. Our principal sources of liquidity are expected to be our cash and cash equivalents and borrowings available under our $100.0 million secured revolving credit facility which expires on October 11, 2024. As of June 30, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $762.0 million and $90.8 million available under our revolving credit facility. For additional information regarding our revolving credit facility and our term loan, refer to Note 6 to our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
As of June 30, 2023, there were no material changes to our primary short-term and long-term requirements for liquidity and capital or to our contractual commitments as disclosed in Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our 2022 10-K. Based on current conditions, we believe that our net cash provided by operating activities and cash on hand will be adequate to meet our operating, investing and financing needs for at least the next twelve months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our revenue growth, the timing and extent of investments, sales and marketing activities, and many other factors as described in sections entitled “Risk Factors” of our 2022 10-K and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
If necessary, we may borrow funds under our revolving credit facility to finance our liquidity requirements, subject to customary borrowing conditions. To the extent additional funds are necessary to meet our long-term liquidity needs as we continue to execute our business strategy, we anticipate that they will be obtained through the incurrence of additional indebtedness, additional equity financings or a combination of these potential sources of funds; however, such financing may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. In particular, the current economic uncertainty, including rising inflation and socio-political events, has resulted in, and may continue to result in, significant disruption of global financial markets, including rising interest rates, reducing our ability to access capital. If we are unable to raise additional funds when or on the terms desired, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Holding Company Status
GoodRx Holdings, Inc. is a holding company that does not conduct any business operations of its own. As a result, GoodRx Holdings, Inc. is largely dependent upon cash distributions and other transfers from its subsidiaries to meet its obligations and to make future dividend payments, if any. Our existing debt arrangement contains covenants restricting payments of dividends by our subsidiaries, including GoodRx, Inc., unless certain conditions are met. These covenants provide for certain exceptions for specific types of payments. Based on these restrictions, all of the net assets of GoodRx, Inc. were restricted pursuant to the terms of our debt arrangements as of June 30, 2023. Since the restricted net assets of GoodRx, Inc. and its subsidiaries exceed 25% of our consolidated net assets, in accordance with Regulation S-X, see Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements included in our 2022 10-K for the condensed parent company financial information of GoodRx Holdings, Inc.
Cash Flows

| Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 62,154 |  |  | $ | 81,169 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (29,247) |  |  | (198,009) |
Net cash used in financing activities | (28,084) |  |  | (93,729) |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 4,823 |  |  | $ | (210,569) |

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Net cash provided by operating activities
Net cash provided by operating activities consist of net income adjusted for certain non-cash items and changes in assets and liabilities. The $19.0 million decrease in net cash provided by operations during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022 was due to an increase in net income of $44.6 million and a net decrease of $8.6 million in cash outflow from changes in operating assets and liabilities, offset by a net decrease of $72.2 million in non-cash adjustments. The net decrease in non-cash adjustments was primarily driven by an increase in deferred income tax as a result of the discrete release of the valuation allowance in the three months ended June 30, 2023 and a year-over-year decrease in stock-based compensation expense due to the Founders Awards. The changes in operating assets and liabilities were primarily driven by the timing of income tax payments and refunds, as well as by the timing of payments of accounts payable and accrued expenses and collections of accounts receivable.
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities primarily consist of cash used for acquisitions and investments, software development costs and capital expenditures. The $168.8 million decrease in net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022 was primarily related to a $171.9 million decrease in cash paid for acquisition of businesses and minority equity interest investments in privately-held companies, partially offset by a $5.8 million increase in software development costs.
Net cash used in financing activities
Net cash used in financing activities primarily consist of payments related to our debt arrangements, repurchases of our Class A common stock, and net share settlement of equity awards, partially offset by proceeds from exercise of stock options and from our employee stock purchase plan. The $65.6 million decrease in net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022 was related to a decrease of $65.3 million for repurchases of our Class A common stock and a $6.2 million decrease in payments related to net share settlement of equity awards, partially offset by a $6.6 million decrease in proceeds from exercises of stock options.
Recent Accounting Pronouncement
Refer to Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on a new accounting standard adopted in 2023.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Except as noted below, during the three months ended June 30, 2023, there have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates compared with those disclosed in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our 2022 10-K.
Income Taxes—Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets
Deferred tax assets represent amounts available to reduce income taxes payable on taxable income in future years. Such assets arise because of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, as well as from net operating losses and tax credits. We evaluate the recoverability of deferred tax assets by assessing all available evidence, both positive and negative, to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is needed. A valuation allowance is established if it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. The determination of whether a valuation allowance should be established, as well as the amount of such allowance, requires significant judgment and estimates, including estimates of future earnings. Accordingly, the valuation of our net deferred tax assets is a critical accounting estimate.
In evaluating the realizability of our net deferred tax assets, we perform an assessment each reporting period of both positive and negative evidence. As of December 31, 2021 through March 31, 2023, we maintained a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets in excess of amortizable goodwill as the objectively verifiable negative evidence outweighed the positive evidence. We determined it was more likely than not that our deferred tax assets would not be realized. Objectively verifiable negative evidence at the time primarily included (i) the existence of fiscal and trailing three-year cumulative tax losses (pre-tax earnings or losses adjusted for permanent book to tax differences) principally generated from 2021 and 2020; and (ii) the existence of substantial stock options granted prior to our IPO that remain outstanding. The tax losses in 2021 and 2020 were attributable to substantial excess tax benefits realized from the exercise of stock options granted prior to our IPO. Stock options granted prior to our IPO contained substantially lower exercise prices compared to the closing prices of our Class A common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market in 2021 and 2020, which when exercised, resulted in significant excess tax benefits to us. In 2022 and through the first half of 2023, the excess tax benefits realized substantially decreased relative to 2021 and 2020 due to a decline in the closing prices of our Class A common stock. Accordingly, relative to 2021, the weight of the negative evidence related to substantial excess tax benefits to be realized in future tax periods declined in recent periods.
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As of June 30, 2023, positive evidence reviewed included sustained tax profitability, which was objective and verifiable, and anticipated future earnings. The sustained trend of tax profitability realized began in 2022 and continued through the first half of 2023. As a result, we believed it was more likely than not that we would achieve our forecasted three-year cumulative tax income results at the end of 2023. Additional positive evidence reviewed included (i) stock options granted will expire 10 years from the date of grant if unexercised; and (ii) an indefinite carryforward period for certain deferred tax assets.
Although we have a significant number of outstanding stock options granted prior to our IPO available to be exercised in future tax periods, which may generate incremental excess tax benefits if they are exercised, the degree of excess tax benefits that will be realized in the future will depend on many factors outside of our control, including the closing prices of our Class A common stock in the future and stock option exercises being initiated by employees. Further, we have granted additional equity awards to our employees since our IPO at various closing prices of our Class A common stock which when vested or exercised, could offset, partially offset or supplement the incremental excess tax benefits to be realized from the exercise of stock options granted prior to our IPO in future tax periods.
We apply judgment to consider the relative impact of negative and positive evidence and the weight given to negative and positive evidence is commensurate with the extent to which such evidence can be objectively verified. Based on our evaluation of all available positive and negative evidence, and by placing greater weight on the sustained tax profitability achieved since 2022, which was objectively verifiable, and forecasted earnings at the end of 2023, we determined, as of June 30, 2023, that it was more likely than not that our net deferred tax assets would be realized. When a change in valuation allowance is recognized during an interim period, the change in valuation allowance resulting from current year income is included in the annual effective tax rate and the release of valuation allowance supported by projections of future taxable income is recorded as a discrete tax benefit in the interim period. Accordingly, we released $55.9 million of our valuation allowance as a discrete tax benefit during the three months ended June 30, 2023. Our judgment regarding the need for a valuation allowance may reasonably change in future reporting periods due to many factors, including changes in the level of tax profitability that we achieve, changes in tax laws or regulations, and price fluctuations of our Class A common stock and its related future tax effects from our outstanding equity awards.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes in our market risk from the disclosure included in Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of our 2022 10-K.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of June 30, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended June 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The information required under this Part II, Item 1 is set forth in Note 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and is incorporated herein by this reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
For a discussion of potential risks and uncertainties related to us, see the information included in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" of our 2022 10-K. There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our 2022 10-K, except as noted below:
We rely significantly on our prescription transactions offering and may not be successful in expanding our offerings within our markets, particularly the U.S. prescriptions market, or to other segments of the healthcare industry.
To date, the vast majority of our revenue has been derived from our prescription transactions offering. When a consumer uses a GoodRx code to fill a prescription and saves money compared to the list price at that pharmacy, we receive fees from our partners, including PBMs, pharma manufacturers and pharmacies, as applicable. Revenue from our prescription transactions offering represented 72%, 80% and 89% of our revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Substantially all of this revenue was generated from consumer transactions at brick-and-mortar pharmacies. The introduction of competing offerings with lower prices for consumers, fluctuations in prescription prices, changes in consumer purchasing habits, including an increase in the use of mail delivery prescriptions, changes in our relationships with industry participants and our various partners, changes in the regulatory landscape, and other factors could result in changes to our contracts or a decline in our total revenue, which may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Because we derive a vast majority of our revenue from our prescription transactions offering, any material decline in the use of such offering or in the fees we receive from our partners in connection with such offering would have a pronounced impact on our future revenue and results of operations, particularly if we are unable to expand our offerings overall.
We seek to expand our offerings within the prescriptions market and the pharma manufacturer solutions market in the United States, and we are actively investing in these growth areas. We also continue to focus on the optimization of our existing partnerships and have entered into and may in the future enter into new agreements with industry participants. However, expanding our offerings, entering into new markets and entering into new partnerships requires substantial additional resources, and our ability to succeed is not certain. During and following periods of active investment in such offerings, markets, relationships and partnerships, we may experience a decrease in profitability or margins, particularly if the area of investment generates lower margins than our other offerings. As we attempt to expand our offerings and optimize our partnerships, we will need to take additional steps, such as hiring additional personnel, partnering with new third parties and incurring considerable research and development expenses, in order to pursue such expansion and optimization successfully. Any such expansion and/or optimization would be subject to additional uncertainties and would likely be subject to additional laws and regulations. As a result, we may not be successful in future efforts to expand into or achieve profitability from new markets, new business models or strategies, new partnerships or new offering types, and our ability to generate revenue from our current offerings and continue our existing business may be negatively affected. If any such expansion does not enhance our ability to maintain or grow revenue or recover any associated development costs, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Our business is subject to changes in medication pricing and is significantly impacted by pricing structures negotiated by industry participants.
Our platform aggregates and analyzes pricing data from a number of different sources. The discounted prices that we present through our platform are based in large part upon pricing structures negotiated by industry participants. Although some of our contracts with certain of our partners contain provisions related to discount rates, we do not control the overall pricing strategies of pharma manufacturers, wholesalers, PBMs and pharmacies, each of which is motivated by independent considerations and drivers that are outside our control and has the ability to set or significantly impact market prices for different prescription medications. While we have contractual and non-contractual relationships with certain industry participants, such as pharmacies, PBMs and pharma manufacturers, these and other industry participants often negotiate complex and multi-party pricing structures, and we have no control over these participants and the policies and strategies that they implement in negotiating these multi-party pricing structures. For example, a grocery chain took actions late in the first quarter of 2022 that impacted acceptance of discounted pricing for a subset of prescription drugs from PBMs, who are one category of our customers, and whose pricing we promote on our platform. This had a material adverse impact on our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 and may continue to have a material adverse impact in future periods.
Pharma manufacturers generally direct medication pricing by setting medication list prices and offering rebates and discounts for their medications. List prices are impacted by, among other things, market considerations such as the number of competitor medications and availability of alternative treatment options. Wholesalers can impact medication pricing by
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purchasing medications in bulk from pharma manufacturers and then reselling such medications to pharmacies. PBMs generally impact medication pricing through their bargaining power, negotiated rebates with pharma manufacturers and contracts with different pharmacy providers and health insurance companies. PBMs work with pharmacies to determine the negotiated rate that will be paid at the pharmacy by consumers. We also work with pharmacies with which we have contractual arrangements to offer discount rates to consumers. Medication pricing is also impacted by health insurance companies and the extent to which a health insurance plan provides for, among other things, covered medications, preferred tiers for different medications and high or low deductibles. A vast majority of the utilization of our platform relates to generic medications.
Our ability to present discounted prices through our platform, the value of any such discounts and our ability to generate revenue are directly affected by the pricing structures in place amongst these industry participants, and changes in medication pricing and in the general pricing structures that are in place could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, changes in the negotiated rates of the PBMs on our platform at pharmacies could negatively impact the prices that we present through our platform, and changes in insurance plan coverage for specific medications could reduce demand for and/or our ability to offer competitive discounts for certain medications, any of which could have an adverse effect on our ability to generate revenue and business. In addition, changes in the fee and pricing structures among industry participants, whether due to regulatory requirements, competitive pressures or otherwise, that reduce or adversely impact fees generated by PBMs or directly by us through partner pharmacies would have an adverse effect on our ability to generate revenue and business. Due in part to existing pricing structures, we generate a smaller portion of our revenue through contracts with pharma manufacturers and other intermediaries. Changes in the roles of industry participants and in general pricing structures, as well as price competition among industry participants, could have an adverse impact on our business. For example, integration of PBMs and pharmacy providers could result in pricing structures whereby such entities would have greater pricing power and flexibility or industry players could implement direct to consumer initiatives that could significantly alter existing pricing structures, either of which would have an adverse impact on our ability to present competitive and low prices to consumers and, as a result, the value of our platform for consumers and our results of operations.
We generally do not control the categories and types of prescriptions for which we can offer savings or discounted prices.
The categories and brands of medications for which we can present discounted prices are largely determined by PBMs, pharmacies and pharma manufacturers. PBMs work with insurance companies, employers and other organizations and enter into contracts with pharmacies to determine negotiated rates. They also negotiate rebates with pharma manufacturers. The terms that different PBMs negotiate with each pharmacy are generally different and result in different negotiated rates available via each PBM’s network, all of which is outside our control. Different PBMs prioritize and allocate discounts across different medications, and continuously update these allocations in accordance with their internal strategies and expectations. As we have agreements with PBMs to market their negotiated rates through our platform, our ability to present discounted prices is in part dependent upon the arrangements that such PBMs have negotiated with pharmacies and upon the resulting availability and allocation of discounts for medications subject to these arrangements. We also have agreements with partner pharmacies to offer discount rates to consumers and such discount rates are subject to negotiated terms and conditions. In general, industry participants are less likely to allocate or provide discounts or rebates on brand medications that are covered by patents. As a result, the discounted prices that we are able to present for brand medications may not be as competitive as for generic medications. Similar to the total prescription volume in the United States, the vast majority of the utilization of our platform relates to generic medications.
Changes in the categories and types of medications for which we can present pricing through our platform could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, demand for our offerings and the use and utility of our platform is impacted by the value of the discounts that we are able to present and the extent to which there is inconsistency in the price of a particular prescription across the market. If pharmacies, PBMs or others do not allocate or otherwise facilitate adequate discounts for these medications, or if there is significant price similarity or competition across PBMs and pharmacies, the perceived value of our platform and the demand for our offerings would decrease and there would be a significant impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on a limited number of industry participants.
There is currently significant concentration in the U.S. healthcare industry, and in particular there are a limited number of PBMs, including pharmacies’ in-house PBMs, and a limited number of national pharmacy chains. If we are unable to retain favorable contractual arrangements and relationships with our PBMs and partner pharmacies, including any successor PBMs or pharmacies should there be further consolidation of PBMs or pharmacies, we may lose them as customers and partners, as applicable, or the negotiated rates provided by such PBMs or directly through such partner pharmacies may become less competitive, which could have an adverse impact on the discounted prices we present through our platform.
A limited number of PBMs generate a significant percentage of the discounted prices that we present through our platform and, as a result, we generate a significant portion of our revenue from contracts with a limited number of PBMs. We work with more than a dozen PBMs that maintain cash networks and prices, and the number of PBMs we work with has significantly increased over time, limiting the extent to which any one PBM contributes to our overall revenue; however, we
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may not expand beyond our existing PBM partners and the number of our PBM partners may even decline. Revenue from each PBM fluctuates from period to period as the discounts and prices available through our platform change, and different PBMs experience increases and decreases in the volume of transactions processed through their respective networks. Our three largest PBM partners accounted for 31% of our revenue in 2022, 34% of our revenue in 2021, and 42% of our revenue in 2020. In 2022, Express Scripts accounted for more than 10% of revenue. In 2021, Express Scripts and Navitus each accounted for more than 10% of revenue. In 2020, Navitus, MedImpact and Express Scripts each accounted for more than 10% of revenue. The loss of any of these large PBMs may negatively impact the breadth of the pricing that we are able to offer consumers.
Most of our PBM contracts provide for monthly payments from PBMs, including our contracts with MedImpact, Navitus, and Express Scripts. Our PBM contracts generally can be divided into two categories: PBM contracts featuring a percentage of fee arrangement, where fees are a percentage of the fees that PBMs charge to pharmacies, and PBM contracts featuring a fixed fee per transaction arrangement. Our percentage of fee contracts often also include a minimum fixed fee per transaction. The majority of our PBM contracts, including our contracts with MedImpact and Navitus, are percentage of fee contracts, and a minority of our contracts, including our PBM contract with Express Scripts, provide for fixed fee per transaction arrangements. Our PBM contracts generally, including our contracts with MedImpact, Navitus, and Express Scripts, have a tiered fee structure based on volume generated in the applicable payment period. Our PBM contracts, including our contracts with MedImpact, Navitus, and Express Scripts, do not contain minimum volume requirements, and thus do not provide for any assurance as to minimum payments to us. Our PBM contracts generally renew automatically, including our contracts with MedImpact and Navitus. In addition, our PBM contracts generally provide for continuing payments to us after such contracts are terminated, including our contracts with MedImpact, Navitus and Express Scripts. Some of our PBM contracts provide for these continuing payments for so long as negotiated rates related to the applicable PBM contract continue to be used after termination, and other contracts provide for these continuing payments for specified multi-year payment periods after termination. Our contracts with MedImpact, Navitus, and Express Scripts provide for periods of five years, three years, and five years, respectively, during which payments will be made as negotiated rates related to the applicable PBM contract continue to be used. Between contract renewals, our contracts generally provide for limited termination rights and do not provide for termination for convenience.
In addition, our PBM contracts typically include provisions that prevent PBMs from circumventing our platform, redirecting volumes outside of our platform and other protective measures. For example, our PBM contracts, including our contracts with MedImpact, Navitus, and Express Scripts, contain provisions that limit PBM use of our intellectual property related to our brand and platform and require PBMs to maintain the confidentiality of our data. While we have consistently renewed and extended the term of our contracts with PBMs over time, there can be no assurance that PBMs will enter into future contracts or renew existing contracts with us, or that any future contracts they enter into will be on equally favorable terms. Changes that limit or otherwise negatively impact our ability to receive fees from these partners would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Consolidation of PBMs or the loss of a PBM could negatively impact the discounts and prices that we present through our platform and may result in less competitive discounts and prices on our platform.
Our consumers use GoodRx codes at the point of purchase at nearby pharmacies. These codes can be used at over 70,000 pharmacies in the United States. The U.S. prescriptions market is dominated by a limited number of national and regional pharmacy chains, such as CVS, Kroger, Walmart and Walgreens. These pharmacy chains represent a significant portion of overall prescription medication transactions in the United States. Similarly, a significant portion of our discounted prices are used at a limited number of pharmacy chains and, as a result, a significant portion of our revenue is derived from transactions processed at a limited number of pharmacy chains. We have entered, and may in the future enter, into direct contractual arrangements with pharmacies, which we refer to as our partner pharmacies, to offer discount rates to consumers at such pharmacies.
If one or more of these pharmacy chains terminates its cash network contracts with PBMs that we work with, enters into cash network contracts with PBMs that we work with at less competitive rates, or to the extent a pharmacy chain has entered into a direct contractual arrangement with us, terminates such contractual arrangement, our business may be negatively affected. For example, a grocery chain took actions late in the first quarter of 2022 that impacted acceptance of discounted pricing for a subset of prescription drugs from PBMs, who are one category of our customers, and whose pricing we promote on our platform. This had a material adverse impact on our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 and may continue to have a material adverse impact in future periods. Such actions could be exacerbated by further consolidation of PBMs or pharmacy chains. If such changes, individually or in the aggregate, are material, they would have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. If there is a decline in revenue generated from any of the PBMs we contract with, as a result of consolidation of PBMs or pharmacy chains, pricing competition among industry participants or otherwise, if we are unable to maintain or grow our relationships with PBMs and pharmacies or if we lose one or more of the PBMs or partner pharmacies we contract with and cannot replace such PBM or partner pharmacy in a timely manner or at all, there would be an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We do not generate a significant percentage of revenue from mail delivery service. To the extent consumer preferences change, including as a result of public health concerns, we may not be able to accommodate sufficient demand for mail delivery service which may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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We rely on the performance of members of management and highly skilled personnel, and if we are unable to attract, develop, motivate and retain well-qualified employees, our business could be harmed.
Our ability to maintain our competitive position is largely dependent on the services of our senior management and other key personnel. In addition, our future success depends on our continuing ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain highly qualified and skilled employees. Competition for such personnel is extremely intense. To attract and retain such personnel, we have had to offer, and believe we will need to continue to offer, highly competitive compensation packages. However, we have experienced and may continue to experience difficulties in hiring and retaining these personnel at compensation levels consistent with our existing compensation and salary structure. Some of the companies with which we compete for experienced employees have greater resources than we have and may be able to offer more attractive terms of employment. We have needed and may in the future need to invest significant amounts of cash and equity to attract and retain employees and we may not realize sufficient returns on these investments. In addition, the loss of any of our senior management or other key employees, the failure to successfully transition key roles, or our inability to recruit, develop and retain qualified personnel could materially and adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and we may be unable to find adequate replacements. For instance, on April 25, 2023, Trevor Bezdek and Douglas Hirsch transitioned from their prior roles as our Co-Chief Executive Officers and our board of directors appointed Scott Wagner as Interim Chief Executive Officer. Our board of directors is currently engaged in a search process for a permanent Chief Executive Officer and any inability to successfully transition the Chief Executive Officer role and/or attract a permanent successor for such role could adversely impact our business.
All of our employees are at-will employees, meaning that they may terminate their employment relationship with us at any time, and their knowledge of our business and industry would be extremely difficult to replace. If we fail to retain talented senior management and other key personnel, or if we do not succeed in attracting well-qualified employees or retaining and motivating existing employees, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
We may be unable to realize expected benefits from our restructuring and cost reduction efforts and our business might be adversely affected.
In order to operate more efficiently and control costs, from time to time, we announce restructuring plans and other cost savings initiatives, which include workforce reductions as well as re-balancing of products and services to align with our business strategy. These plans are intended to generate, among other things, operating expense savings and improved margins. For example, in August 2022, we implemented a reduction in force affecting employees of our wholly-owned subsidiary GoodRx, Inc.’s workforce in order to consolidate functions and eliminate or reduce investment in areas of lower focus. Additionally, in August 2023, our Board approved a multi-phase plan to de-prioritize certain solutions under our pharma manufacturer solutions offering, which included (i) a reduction in force involving employees of our wholly-owned subsidiaries GoodRx, Inc. and vitaCare; (ii) the entry into retention agreements with certain other employees for the purpose of maintaining business continuity; and (iii) the restructuring or termination of certain solutions and arrangements with our clients to better align with our strategic goals and future scale. We expect to generate approximately $18 million to $22 million of annualized run rate cash savings as a result of the actions taken under the multi-phase plan.
We may undertake further restructuring actions or workforce reductions in the future. These types of restructuring and cost reduction activities are complex and may result in unintended consequences and costs, such as unforeseen delays in the implementation of our strategic initiatives, business and operational disruptions, decreased employee morale, loss of institutional knowledge and expertise, and potential impacts on financial reporting. Any reduction in workforce could also make it difficult for us to pursue, or prevent us from pursuing, new opportunities and initiatives due to insufficient personnel, or require us to incur additional and unanticipated costs to hire new personnel to pursue such opportunities or initiatives. If we do not successfully manage our current initiatives and restructuring activities or any other similar activities that we may undertake in the future, expected efficiencies and benefits might be delayed or not realized, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
None.
Use of Proceeds
On September 25, 2020, we completed our IPO. All shares sold were registered pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-248465), as amended (the “Registration Statement”), declared effective by the SEC on September 22, 2020.
There have been no material changes in the expected use of the net proceeds from our IPO as described in our Registration Statement. As of June 30, 2023, we estimated we had used approximately $244.4 million of the net proceeds from our IPO: (i) $164.4 million for the acquisition of businesses that complement our business; and (ii) $80.0 million for the
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repurchases of our Class A common stock. As of June 30, 2023, we had $642.5 million remaining net proceeds from our IPO which have been invested in investment grade, interest-bearing instruments.
Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities
The following table presents information with respect to our repurchases of our Class A common stock during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Repurchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share (2) |  | Total Number of Shares Repurchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program (1) |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Repurchased Under the Program (in thousands)
April 1 - 30 |  | — |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  | $ | — |
May 1 - 31 |  | 974,181 |  | $ | 5.26 |  |  | 974,181 |  | $ | 133,638 |
June 1 - 30 |  | 688,836 |  | $ | 5.51 |  |  | 688,836 |  | $ | 129,842 |
Total |  | 1,663,017 |  |  |  | 1,663,017 |  |

______________________
(1)The repurchases are being executed from time to time, subject to general business and market conditions and other investment opportunities, through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, which may include repurchases through Rule 10b5-1 plans. See Note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information related to our stock repurchase program, which was approved by our Board on February 23, 2022 and announced on February 28, 2022.
(2)Average price paid per share includes costs associated with the repurchases, including the estimated excise tax on the repurchases as imposed by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Restructuring Plan
On August 7, 2023, our Board approved a multi-phase plan to de-prioritize certain solutions under our pharma manufacturer solutions offering as part of our continued strategic focus on scaling and re-balancing our cost structure to drive improved margins. For additional information, including the total cash and non-cash charges expected to be incurred in connection with our planned restructuring activities, see Part I, Item 2, "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Recent Developments—Restructuring Plan" included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Insider Trading Arrangements
During the three months ended June 30, 2023, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Section 16 of the Exchange Act), adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K of the Exchange Act).
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Item 6. Exhibits

|  |  |  | Incorporated by Reference |  | Filed/ Furnished Herewith
Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit Description |  | Form |  | File No. |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date |
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation |  | 8-K |  | 001-39549 |  | 3.1 |  | 9/28/20 |  |
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws |  | 8-K |  | 001-39549 |  | 3.2 |  | 9/28/20 |  |
4.1 |  | Form of Certificate of Class A Common Stock |  | S-1 |  | 333-248465 |  | 4.1 |  | 8/28/20 |  |
4.2 |  | Form of Certificate of Class B Common Stock |  | S-8 |  | 333-249069 |  | 4.4 |  | 9/25/20 |  |
10.1† |  | Employment Agreement, by and between GoodRx, Inc. and Scott Wagner, dated April 25, 2023 |  | 8-K |  | 001-39549 |  | 10.1 |  | 4/25/23 |  |
10.2 |  | Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, by and between GoodRx, Inc. and Trevor Bezdek, dated April 25, 2023 |  | 8-K |  | 001-39549 |  | 10.2 |  | 4/25/23 |  |
10.3 |  | Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, by and between GoodRx, Inc. and Douglas Hirsch, dated April 25, 2023 |  | 8-K |  | 001-39549 |  | 10.3 |  | 4/25/23 |  |
10.4 |  | Letter Agreement, by and between GoodRx, Inc. and Raj Beri, dated May 30, 2023 |  | 8-K |  | 001-39549 |  | 10.1 |  | 6/2/23 |  |
10.5† |  | Third Amendment to First Lien Credit Agreement, dated June 29, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
10.6† |  | Fourth Amendment to First Lien Credit Agreement, dated July 7, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
10.7† |  | Separation Agreement & Release, by and among GoodRx Holdings, Inc., GoodRx, Inc. and Babak Azad, dated July 19, 2023 |  | 8-K |  | 001-39549 |  | 10.1 |  | 7/27/23 |  |
31.1 |  | Certification of Interim Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
32.1 |  | Certification of Interim Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **
32.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *

______________________
*Filed herewith.
**Furnished herewith.
†The annexes, schedules, and certain exhibits to this Exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Registrant hereby agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted annex, schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| GOODRX HOLDINGS, INC.
Date: August 9, 2023 | By: | /s/ Scott Wagner
|  | Scott Wagner
|  | Interim Chief Executive Officer
|  | (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: August 9, 2023 | By: | /s/ Karsten Voermann
|  | Karsten Voermann
|  | Chief Financial Officer
|  | (Principal Financial Officer)
Date: August 9, 2023 | By: | /s/ Romin Nabiey
|  | Romin Nabiey
|  | Chief Accounting Officer
|  | (Principal Accounting Officer)

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