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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________
Commission File Number: 001-38701
SI-BONE, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware |  | 26-2216351
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

471 El Camino Real, Suite 101, Santa Clara, California |  | 95050
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (408) 207-0700

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share | SIBN | The Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Non-accelerated filer | ☐
Smaller reporting company | ☐ |  | Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock was 41,938,179 as of October 31, 2024.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  |  | Page
|  | PART I-FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) | 5
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) | 6
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) | 8
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 9
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 24
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 35
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures | 36
|  | PART II-OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings | 36
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors | 37
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 38
Item 3. |  | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 38
Item 4. |  | Mine Safety Disclosures | 38
Item 5. |  | Other Information | 39
Item 6. |  | Exhibits | 40
SIGNATURES | 41

1

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy, prospective products and product candidates, sales force expansion, physician adoption, reimbursement determinations, clinical trial results, and U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") approvals, are forward-looking statements.
These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “contemplate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described under the sections in this Quarterly Report titled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about the following:
•Our expectation that a significant portion of our revenues will be derived from sales of a series of patented titanium implants and the instruments used to implant them, as well as implantable bone products;
•our ability to develop and commercialize additional revenue opportunities, including new indications for use and new products;
•our ability to retain and selectively grow our sales team based on the demand for our products;
•our ability to identify, train, and retain physicians to perform procedures using our products;
•our ability to obtain and maintain favorable coverage and reimbursement determinations from third-party payors;
•our estimates of our market opportunity;
•our expectations regarding the scope of protection from intellectual property rights covering our products;
•developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or other proprietary rights;
•timing of and results from our clinical trials;
•marketing clearances and authorization from the FDA and regulators in other jurisdictions and CE Certificates of Conformity from Notified Bodies;
•timing of regulatory filings and feedback;
•the impact of changes in coding and reimbursement of procedures using our products and related procedures and products;
•competition in the markets we serve;
•our expectations of the reliability and performance of our products;
•our expectations of the benefits of our products to patients, providers, and payors;
•factors impacting the supply chains we rely on, including the availability of raw materials and skilled labor serving our suppliers, and the cost of these factors of production which may in turn impact the prices we pay for our devices;
•our reliance on a limited number of suppliers, including sole source suppliers, which may impact the availability of instruments and materials;
•our ability to sustain or increase demand for our products;
•our estimates regarding our costs and risks associated with our international operations and expansion;
•our expectations regarding our ability to retain and recruit key personnel;
•our ability to attract and retain employees, including those with specialized skills and experience;
2

•our expectations regarding acquisitions and strategic operations;
•our ability to access capital markets;
•our ability to fund our working capital requirements;
•our compliance with, and the cost of, federal, state, and foreign regulatory requirements;
•the factors that may impact our financial results; and
•anticipated trends and challenges in our business and the markets in which we operate.
Forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about our business and the industry in which we operate, and management’s beliefs and assumptions are not guarantees of future performance or development and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that are in some cases beyond our control. As a result, any or all of our forward-looking statements in this report may turn out to be inaccurate. Furthermore, if the forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all. In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.
Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, together with any updates in the section titled “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These statements, like all statements in this report, speak only as of their date. We caution investors that our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future, except as may be required by law.
3

PART I-FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
SI-BONE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 30,225 |  |  | $ | 33,271 |
Short-term investments | 120,593 |  |  | 132,748 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $1,331 and $1,118, respectively | 24,909 |  |  | 21,953 |
Inventory | 25,518 |  |  | 20,249 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 2,454 |  |  | 3,173 |
Total current assets | 203,699 |  |  | 211,394 |
Property and equipment, net | 20,748 |  |  | 16,000 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 2,225 |  |  | 2,706 |
Other non-current assets | 326 |  |  | 325 |
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 226,998 |  |  | $ | 230,425 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 7,318 |  |  | $ | 4,588 |
Accrued liabilities and other | 16,156 |  |  | 17,452 |
Operating lease liabilities, current portion | 1,210 |  |  | 1,416 |
Total current liabilities | 24,684 |  |  | 23,456 |
Long-term borrowings | 36,192 |  |  | 36,065 |
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | 1,135 |  |  | 1,511 |
Other long-term liabilities | 13 |  |  | 18 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES | 62,024 |  |  | 61,050 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6) |  |  |
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 41,790,410 and 40,693,299 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Additional paid-in capital | 591,247 |  |  | 569,477 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 582 |  |  | 335 |
Accumulated deficit | (426,859) |  |  | (400,441) |
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | 164,974 |  |  | 169,375 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | 226,998 |  |  | $ | 230,425 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

SI-BONE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Revenue | $ | 40,340 |  |  | $ | 34,014 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 118,176 |  |  | $ | 100,027 |
Cost of goods sold | 8,437 |  |  | 7,041 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24,832 |  |  | 19,283 |
Gross profit | 31,903 |  |  | 26,973 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 93,344 |  |  | 80,744 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing | 27,448 |  |  | 26,512 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 85,805 |  |  | 81,317 |
Research and development | 3,993 |  |  | 3,919 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12,690 |  |  | 10,866 |
General and administrative | 8,095 |  |  | 7,711 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24,603 |  |  | 22,986 |
Total operating expenses | 39,536 |  |  | 38,142 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 123,098 |  |  | 115,169 |
Loss from operations | (7,633) |  |  | (11,169) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (29,754) |  |  | (34,425) |
Interest and other income (expense), net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 1,936 |  |  | 2,174 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,064 |  |  | 4,689 |
Interest expense | (884) |  |  | (884) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,647) |  |  | (2,573) |
Other income (expense) | 6 |  |  | (143) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (81) |  |  | (44) |
Net loss | $ | (6,575) |  |  | $ | (10,022) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (26,418) |  |  | $ | (32,353) |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in foreign currency translation | 139 |  |  | 53 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 137 |  |  | 34 |
Unrealized gain on marketable securities | 216 |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 110 |  |  | 90 |
Comprehensive loss | $ | (6,220) |  |  | $ | (9,964) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (26,171) |  |  | $ | (32,229) |
Net loss per share, basic and diluted | $ | (0.16) |  |  | $ | (0.25) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.64) |  |  | $ | (0.86) |
Weighted-average number of common shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share | 41,717,505 |  |  | 40,265,520 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 41,324,614 |  |  | 37,702,207 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

SI-BONE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In thousands, except share amounts)
(Unaudited)

|  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity |  |
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |  | 40,693,299 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 569,477 |  |  | $ | 335 |  |  | $ | (400,441) |  |  | $ | 169,375 |  |  |
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld |  | 29,892 |  |  | — |  |  | 105 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 105 |  |  |
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units |  | 355,571 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,030 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,030 |  |  |
Foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  |
Net unrealized loss on marketable securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (98) |  |  | — |  |  | (98) |  |  |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,904) |  |  | (10,904) |  |  |
Balance as of March 31, 2024 |  | 41,078,762 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 576,612 |  |  | 266 |  |  | (411,345) |  |  | 165,537 |  |  |
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld |  | 69,428 |  |  | — |  |  | 304 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 304 |  |  |
Issuance of common stock related to employee stock purchase plan |  | 114,636 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,472 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,472 |  |  |
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units |  | 247,985 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,398 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,398 |  |  |
Foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (31) |  |  | — |  |  | (31) |  |  |
Net unrealized loss on marketable securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |  |  |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,939) |  |  | (8,939) |  |  |
Balance as of June 30, 2024 |  | 41,510,811 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 584,786 |  |  | 227 |  |  | (420,284) |  |  | 164,733 |  |  |
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld |  | 42,540 |  |  | — |  |  | 155 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 155 |  |  |
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units |  | 237,059 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,306 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,306 |  |  |
Foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 139 |  |  | — |  |  | 139 |  |  |
Net unrealized loss on marketable securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 216 |  |  | — |  |  | 216 |  |  |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,575) |  |  | (6,575) |  |  |
Balance as of September 30, 2024 |  | 41,790,410 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 591,247 |  |  | $ | 582 |  | — |  | $ | (426,859) |  |  | $ | 164,974 |  |  |

6

|  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity |  |
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 |  | 34,731,577 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 455,172 |  |  | $ | 232 |  |  | $ | (357,105) |  |  | $ | 98,302 |  |  |
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld |  | 120,266 |  |  | — |  |  | 520 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 520 |  |  |
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units |  | 254,320 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,194 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,194 |  |  |
Foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (22) |  |  | — |  |  | (22) |  |  |
Net unrealized gain on marketable securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 90 |  |  | — |  |  | 90 |  |  |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,125) |  |  | (11,125) |  |  |
Balance as of March 31, 2023 |  | 35,106,163 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 461,886 |  |  | 300 |  |  | (368,230) |  |  | 93,959 |  |  |
Issuance of common stock from public offerings, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and offering costs |  | 4,068,497 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 83,671 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 83,672 |  |  |
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld |  | 497,926 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,515 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,515 |  |  |
Issuance of common stock related to employee stock purchase plan |  | 130,867 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,471 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,471 |  |  |
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units |  | 261,709 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrant, net of shares withheld |  | 22,603 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,998 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,998 |  |  |
Foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  |
Net unrealized loss on marketable securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |  |  |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,206) |  |  | (11,206) |  |  |
Balance as of June 30, 2023 |  | 40,087,765 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 556,541 |  |  | 298 |  |  | (379,436) |  |  | 177,407 |  |  |
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld |  | 52,302 |  |  | — |  |  | 229 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 229 |  |  |
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units |  | 237,624 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,928 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,928 |  |  |
Foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | 53 |  |  |
Net unrealized loss on marketable securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,022) |  |  | (10,022) |  |  |
Balance as of September 30, 2023 |  | 40,377,691 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 562,698 |  |  | $ | 356 |  |  | $ | (389,458) |  |  | $ | 173,600 |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
7

SI-BONE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (26,418) |  |  | $ | (32,353) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | 19,734 |  |  | 18,120 |
Depreciation and amortization | 3,166 |  |  | 3,855 |
Accounts receivable credit losses | 328 |  |  | 352 |
Amortization of discount and premium on marketable securities | (4,254) |  |  | (2,417) |
Inventory reserve | 618 |  |  | 190 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 127 |  |  | 165 |
Loss on disposal of property and equipment | 1,250 |  |  | 941 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (3,304) |  |  | 344 |
Inventory | (5,922) |  |  | (5,229) |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 718 |  |  | 460 |
Accounts payable | 1,757 |  |  | (876) |
Accrued liabilities and other | (1,403) |  |  | 32 |
Net cash used in operating activities | (13,603) |  |  | (16,416) |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |
Maturities of marketable securities | 186,500 |  |  | 93,500 |
Purchases of marketable securities | (169,983) |  |  | (127,680) |
Purchases of property and equipment | (8,231) |  |  | (6,706) |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | 8,286 |  |  | (40,886) |
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |
Proceeds from public offering, net of discounts, commissions and offering costs | — |  |  | 83,671 |
Proceeds from debt financing | — |  |  | 36,000 |
Repayments of debt financing | — |  |  | (35,275) |
Payments of debt issuance costs | — |  |  | (40) |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan | 1,472 |  |  | 1,471 |
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options | 564 |  |  | 4,264 |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 2,036 |  |  | 90,091 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 235 |  |  | (14) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (3,046) |  |  | 32,775 |
Cash and cash equivalents at |  |  |
Beginning of period | 33,271 |  |  | 20,717 |
End of period | $ | 30,225 |  |  | $ | 53,492 |
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash information |  |  |
Unpaid purchases of property and equipment | 1,445 |  |  | 120 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
8

SI-BONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
1. The Company and Nature of Business
SI-BONE, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware on March 18, 2008 and is headquartered in Santa Clara, California. The Company is a medical device company dedicated to solving musculoskeletal disorders of the sacropelvic anatomy. Leveraging its knowledge of pelvic anatomy and biomechanics, the Company has pioneered proprietary minimally invasive surgical implant systems to address sacroiliac joint dysfunction as well as address unmet clinical needs in pelvic fixation and management of pelvic fractures. The Company’s products include a series of patented titanium implants and the instruments used to implant them, as well as implantable bone products. Since launching its first generation iFuse in 2009, the Company has launched multiple titanium implant product lines, including iFuse-3D in 2017, iFuse-TORQ in 2021, iFuse Bedrock Granite in 2022 and iFuse INTRA, an implantable bone product, in January 2024. In the United States, iFuse, iFuse 3D, iFuse TORQ and iFuse Bedrock Granite have clearances for applications in sacroiliac joint dysfunction, adult spinal deformity and pelvic trauma. iFuse TORQ TNT has clearances for applications in pelvic trauma and sacroiliac joint dysfunction.
In May 2023, the Company received a total of $83.7 million of net proceeds after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions from the offering of 3,775,000 shares of the Company’s common stock and the exercise of underwriter's option to purchase from the Company an additional 566,250 shares of the Company's common stock, at a public offering price of $22.00 per share. Of these shares, 272,753 shares were offered by a selling stockholder and did not result in any proceeds to the Company.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted, and accordingly the balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the Company’s annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments that are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s consolidated financial information. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024 or for any other interim period or for any other future year.
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023 contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2024 (the “2023 Annual Report”).
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant accounting estimates and management judgments reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements primarily includes the fair value of performance-based restricted stock unit awards. Estimates are based on historical experience, where applicable and other assumptions believed to be reasonable by the management. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Change in accounting estimate
During the first quarter of 2024, the Company reassessed the useful life of its instrument trays based on a comprehensive evaluation of usage trends and its estimate on the average life of instruments before loss or damage that requires disposal. As a result of this review, the Company determined that extending the useful life of its instrument trays would more accurately reflect its anticipated future economic benefits. Effective January 1, 2024, the Company changed its estimates of the useful lives of instrument trays from three to five years. The effect of this change in estimate reduced depreciation expense by $0.5 million, resulting in a decrease in net loss of $0.5 million and basic and diluted earnings per share by $0.01 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The effect of this change in estimate reduced depreciation expense by $1.5 million, resulting in a decrease in loss from operations and net loss of $1.5 million and basic and diluted earnings per share by $0.04 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
9

SI-BONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
Significant Accounting Policies
The Company’s significant accounting policies are disclosed in the 2023 Annual Report. There have been no material changes to these accounting policies.
Segments
The Company's chief operating decision makers are the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”). The CEO and the CFO review financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by information about revenue by geographic region, for purposes of evaluating financial performance. The Company has one business activity and there are no segment managers who are held accountable for operations, operating results or plans for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Accordingly, the Company has determined that it has a single reportable and operating segment structure.
The Company derives substantially all of its revenue from sales to customers in the U.S. Revenue by geography is based on billing address of the customer. International revenue accounted for less than 10% of the total revenue during the periods presented. Long-lived assets held outside the U.S. are immaterial. The following table summarizes the Company's revenue by geography:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
| (in thousands) |  |
United States | $ | 38,263 |  |  | $ | 32,300 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 111,502 |  |  | $ | 93,967 |  |  |
International | 2,077 |  |  | 1,714 |  |  |  |  |  | 6,674 |  |  | 6,060 |  |  |
| $ | 40,340 |  |  | $ | 34,014 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 118,176 |  |  | $ | 100,027 |  |  |

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. ASU 2023-07 requires companies with a single reportable segment to provide all existing segment disclosures, as well as requires incremental segment information to be disclosed. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 on a retrospective basis, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the guidance to determine the impact on its disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09"). ASU 2023-09 requires public business entities to disclose additional information in specified categories with respect to the reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory rate (the rate reconciliation) for federal, state, and foreign income taxes. It also requires greater detail about individual reconciling items in the rate reconciliation to the extent the impact of those items exceeds a specified threshold. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and for interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of ASU 2023-09 on its disclosures.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”). ASU 2024-03 requires disclosure in the notes to the financial statements of specified information about certain costs and expenses. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. ASU 2024-03 should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this ASU or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2024-03 on its disclosures.
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SI-BONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
3. Marketable Securities
All of the Company's marketable securities were available-for-sale and were classified based on their maturities. Marketable securities with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less are classified as cash equivalents. Short-term investments are securities that original maturity or remaining maturity is greater than three months and not more than twelve months. Long-term investments are securities for which the original maturity or remaining maturity is greater than twelve months.
The table below summarizes the marketable securities:

| September 30, 2024
| Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Aggregate Fair Value
| (in thousands)
Money market funds | $ | 22,168 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,168 |
U.S. treasury securities | 3,996 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,996 |
Cash equivalents | 26,164 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,164 |
U.S. treasury securities | 118,418 |  |  | 177 |  |  | — |  |  | 118,595 |
U.S. agency bonds | 1,999 |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | 1,998 |
Short-term investments | 120,417 |  |  | 177 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 120,593 |
Total marketable securities | $ | 146,581 |  |  | $ | 177 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 146,757 |

| December 31, 2023
| Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Aggregate Fair Value
| (in thousands)
Money market funds | $ | 23,331 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23,331 |
Cash equivalents | 23,331 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,331 |
U.S. treasury securities | 129,695 |  |  | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | 129,762 |
U.S. agency bonds | 2,988 |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | 2,986 |
Short-term investments | 132,683 |  |  | 67 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 132,748 |
Total marketable securities | $ | 156,014 |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | 156,079 |

The amortized cost of the Company's available-for-sale securities approximates their fair value. Unrealized losses are generally due to interest rate fluctuations, as opposed to credit quality. However, the Company reviews individual securities that are in an unrealized loss position in order to evaluate whether or not they have experienced or are expected to experience credit losses. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, unrealized gains and losses from the investments were not material and were not the result of a decline in credit quality. As a result, the Company did not recognize any credit losses related to its investments and that all unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
The Company elected to present accrued interest receivable separately from short-term and long-term investments on its condensed consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest receivable was $0.3 million as of September 30, 2024, and was recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets. The Company also elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the estimation of expected credit losses on its marketable securities and reverse accrued interest receivable through interest income (expense) when amounts are determined to be uncollectible. The Company did not write off any accrued interest receivable as of September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
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SI-BONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
4. Fair Value Measurement
Carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities and market interest rates, if applicable. The carrying value of the Company’s long-term debt also approximates fair value based on management’s estimation that a current interest rate would not differ materially from the stated rate. There were no other financial assets and liabilities that require fair value hierarchy measurements and disclosures for the periods presented.
The table below summarizes the fair value of the Company’s marketable securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis based on the three-tier fair value hierarchy:

| September 30, 2024
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
| (in thousands)
Marketable securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 22,168 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,168 |
U.S. treasury securities | 122,591 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 122,591 |
U.S. agency bonds | — |  |  | 1,998 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,998 |
Total marketable securities | $ | 144,759 |  |  | $ | 1,998 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 146,757 |
| December 31, 2023
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
| (in thousands)
Marketable securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 23,331 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23,331 |
U.S. treasury securities | 129,762 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 129,762 |
U.S. agency bonds | — |  |  | 2,986 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,986 |
Total marketable securities | $ | 153,093 |  |  | $ | 2,986 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 156,079 |

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SI-BONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
5. Balance Sheet Components
Inventory
As of September 30, 2024, inventory consisted of finished goods of $23.5 million and work-in-progress and components of $2.0 million. As of December 31, 2023, inventory consisted of finished goods of $18.8 million and work-in-progress and components of $1.4 million.
Property and Equipment, net:

| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| (in thousands)
Instrument trays | $ | 21,294 |  |  | $ | 18,205 |
Machinery and equipment | 3,206 |  |  | 3,067 |
Construction in progress | 7,756 |  |  | 3,856 |
Computer and office equipment | 2,660 |  |  | 1,856 |
Leasehold improvements | 3,873 |  |  | 3,873 |
Furniture and fixtures | 389 |  |  | 389 |
| 39,178 |  |  | 31,246 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (18,430) |  |  | (15,246) |
| $ | 20,748 |  |  | $ | 16,000 |

As of September 30, 2024, construction in progress pertains to the cost of individual components of an instrument tray used for surgical placement of the Company's products that have not yet been placed into service of $7.2 million and software costs of $0.6 million. As of December 31, 2023, construction in progress pertains to cost of individual components of an instrument tray used for surgical placement of the Company's products that have not yet been placed into service of $3.5 million and software costs of $0.4 million. Depreciation expense was $1.1 million and $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Depreciation expense was $3.2 million and $3.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
13

SI-BONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
Accrued Liabilities and Other:

| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| (in thousands)
Accrued compensation and related expenses | $ | 11,185 |  |  | $ | 13,464 |
Accrued royalty | 1,643 |  |  | 1,360 |
Accrued rebates | 1,534 |  |  | 687 |
Accrued professional services | 899 |  |  | 929 |
Others | 895 |  |  | 1,012 |
| $ | 16,156 |  |  | $ | 17,452 |

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses:
The movement in the allowance for credit losses was as follows:

| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| (in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 1,118 |  |  | $ | 400 |
Provision | 328 |  |  | 761 |
Write-offs | (115) |  |  | (43) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 1,331 |  |  | $ | 1,118 |

6. Commitments and Contingencies
Operating Leases
The Company has a non-cancelable operating lease for an office building space, located in Santa Clara, California which expires in July 2026 and a building used for research and development and warehouse space in Santa Clara, California which expires in October 2026. The Company also has a non-cancelable operating lease for its office building spaces in Gallarate, Italy which expires in August 2027.
The Company also leases vehicles under operating lease arrangements for certain of its personnel in Europe which expire at various times throughout 2024 to 2026.
Supplemental information related to lease expense and valuation of the lease assets and lease liabilit ies are as follows:
14

SI-BONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
Operating lease expense | $ | 312 |  | $ | 386 |  | $ | 1,065 |  | $ | 1,170 |  |
Variable lease expense | 190 |  | 140 |  | 471 |  | 340 |  |
Total lease expense | $ | 502 |  | $ | 526 |  | $ | 1,536 |  | $ | 1,510 |  |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities | $ | 385 |  | $ | 401 |  | $ | 1,171 |  | $ | 1,237 |  |
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | $ | 407 |  | $ | 19 |  | $ | 407 |  | $ | 143 |  |
| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) | 1.95 |  | 2.20 |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average discount rate | 7.21% |  | 5.87% |  |  |  |  |  |

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases as of September 30, 2024 was as follows:

Year Ending December 31, | (in thousands)
Remainder of 2024 | $ | 388 |
2025 | 1,230 |
2026 | 870 |
2027 | 9 |
2028 | — |
Thereafter | — |
Total operating lease payments | 2,497 |
Less: imputed interest | (152) |
Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 2,345 |

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had no operating lease liabilities that had not commenced.
Purchase Commitments and Obligations
The Company has certain purchase commitments related to its inventory management with certain manufacturing suppliers based on the agreements or blanket purchase orders. The contractual obligations represent future cash commitments and liabilities under agreements with third parties and exclude orders for goods and services entered into in the normal course of business that are not enforceable or legally binding. These outstanding commitments amounted to $0.5 million and $0.4 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Indemnification
The Company enters into standard indemnification arrangements in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these arrangements, the Company indemnifies, holds harmless, and agrees to reimburse the indemnified parties for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, in connection with any trade secret, copyright, patent or other intellectual property infringement claim by any third-party with respect to the Company’s technology. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these agreements is not determinable because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future, but have not yet been made.
15

SI-BONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and officers that may require the Company to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of the individual.
The Company has not incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. No liability associated with such indemnifications has been recorded to date.
Legal Contingencies
In October 2024, the Company received a civil investigative demand (“CID”) from the U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Division, in connection with an investigation under the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and Civil False Claims Act (the “Investigation”). The CID requests information and documents primarily relating to meals and consulting service payments provided to health care professionals. The Company is cooperating with the Investigation but is currently unable to express a view regarding the likely duration, or ultimate outcome, of the Investigation or estimate the possibility of, or amount or range of, any possible financial impact. Depending on how the Investigation progresses, there may be a material impact on the Company’s business, results of operations, or financial condition.
From time to time, the Company may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of its business. Except with regards to the Investigation, the Company is not presently a party to any material legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to the Company, would have a material adverse effect on the Company.
7. Borrowings
Term Loan
The following table summarizes the outstanding borrowings from the term loan as of periods presented:

| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| (in thousands)
Principal outstanding and final fee | $ | 36,720 |  |  | $ | 36,720 |
Less: Unamortized debt issuance costs | (64) |  |  | (81) |
Unaccreted value of final fee | (464) |  |  | (574) |
Outstanding debt, net of debt issuance costs and unaccreted value of final fee | $ | 36,192 |  |  | $ | 36,065 |
Classified as: |  |  |
Long-term borrowings | $ | 36,192 |  |  | $ | 36,065 |

The outstanding debt is related to a term loan pursuant to the Loan and Security Agreement dated August 12, 2021 entered into by the Company with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB” or the “Lender”) (the “Original Loan Agreement”). Pursuant to the Original Loan Agreement, SVB provided a term loan in an aggregate principal amount of $35.0 million to the Company (the “Original Term Loan”).
On January 6, 2023, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “First Amendment”) with SVB, which amended the Company's Original Term Loan pursuant to which the Company received a new term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $36.0 million (the “Original Loan Agreement” with the Amendment, collectively the “Amended Loan Agreement”). Upon entry into the Amended Loan Agreement, the Company borrowed $36.0 million pursuant to a term loan (the "Term Loan"), which was substantially used to repay in full the $35.0 million term loan outstanding under the Original Loan Agreement and secured a revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $15.0 million (the “Revolving Line”). The Amended Loan Agreement also includes an uncommitted accordion term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $15.0 million, which accordion may be approved by the Lender solely in its discretion, upon the Company’s request. The Term Loan matures on December 1, 2027 (the “Term Loan Maturity Date”). Interest on the Term Loan will be payable monthly at a floating annual rate set at the greater of (i) the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal plus 0.5% or (ii) 6.75%. Commencing on July 1, 2025, the Company will be required to make monthly principal Term Loan amortization payments. A final fee payment of 2% of the original principal amount of the Term Loan is due upon the earlier of the Term Loan Maturity Date, termination of the Amended Loan Agreement, acceleration by the Lender following an event of default, or prepayment of the Term Loan. The Company may elect to prepay the Term Loan in whole prior to the Term Loan Maturity Date subject to a prepayment fee equal to 2% of the principal amount of the Term Loan prepaid at such time. No prepayment fee would be due if the Term Loan is refinanced by the Lender. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Loan Agreement, revolving loans may be borrowed, repaid and reborrowed until the maturity date, which will
16

SI-BONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
be July 6, 2025 (the “Revolving Line Maturity Date”). Borrowings under the Revolving Line are based on 80% of eligible domestic accounts receivable borrowing base. Interest on the outstanding balance of the Revolving Line will be payable monthly at a floating annual rate set at the greater of the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal or 6.25%. Interest on borrowings is due monthly and any principal balance is due on the Revolving Line Maturity Date, provided that when Revolving Line Advances are outstanding, in the event the Company does not maintain an adjusted quick ratio of at least 1.5 to 1.0, then falling below such threshold will allow the Lender to apply accounts receivable collections to outstanding Revolving Line borrowings. The Company will pay a total commitment fee of $187,500 on account of the Revolving Line payable in installments, but fully earned at close. The Company will also be required to pay a fee of $150,000 if it terminates the Amended Loan Agreement or Revolving Line prior to Revolving Line Maturity Date, or if the Lender terminates the Loan Agreement or the Revolving Line following an event of default. No termination fee would be due if the Revolving Line is replaced with a new facility with the Lender.
On March 14, 2023, all of SVB’s assets and liabilities, including all of SVB’s rights as the lender pursuant to the Amended Loan Agreement, were assigned to Silicon Valley Bridge Bank. On March 27, 2023, all of Silicon Valley Bridge Bank’s assets and liabilities were assigned and assumed by First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company (“First-Citizens”).
On January 25, 2024, the Company entered into a Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement with SVB which amends the Company's Amended Loan Agreement (the “Second Amendment” and together with the Amended Loan Agreement, the “Second Amended Loan Agreement”). The Second Amendment revised certain provisions related to financial covenants and the periods in which the covenants apply. No amounts were outstanding under the Revolver as of September 30, 2024.
The Company accounted for the Second Amended Loan Agreement as a debt modification. Accordingly, the remaining unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Original Loan Agreement together with any lender fees incurred in connection with the entry of the Second Amended Loan Agreement are amortized to interest expense using the straight-line method over the new term of the loan through December 2027.
The effective interest rate related to the First-Citizens Term Loan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was 9.2% and 9.3%, respectively. The effective interest rate related to the First-Citizens Term Loan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 9.3% and 8.9%, respectively.
The table below summarizes the future principal and final fee payments under the First-Citizens Term Loan as of September 30, 2024:

Year ending December 31, | (in thousands)
Remainder of 2024 | $ | — |
2025 | 8,400 |
2026 | 14,400 |
2027 | 13,920 |
2028 | — |
Total principal and final fee payments | $ | 36,720 |

The Second Amended Loan Agreement includes affirmative and negative covenants applicable to the Company and certain of its foreign subsidiaries. The affirmative covenants include, among others, covenants requiring the Company to maintain its legal existence and governmental compliance, deliver certain financial reports, and maintain insurance coverage. The negative covenants include, among others, restrictions regarding transferring collateral, pledging the Company's intellectual property to other parties, engaging in mergers or acquisitions, paying dividends or making other distributions, incurring indebtedness, transacting with affiliates, and entering into certain investments, in each case subject to certain exceptions. As of September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants.
17

SI-BONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
On November 8, 2024, the Company entered into a Third Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement with First-Citizens (the “Third Amendment” and together with the Second Amended Loan Agreement, collectively, the “Third Amended Loan Agreement”), pursuant to which a new term loan in the original aggregate principal amount of $36.0 million was extended by First-Citizens to the Company (the “Third Amendment Term Loan”), which was substantially used to refinance and repay in full the then-outstanding $36.0 million existing Term Loan. The Company also paid a certain final payment due relative to such prior Term Loan. The Third Amendment sets the maturity date for the Third Amendment Term Loan to September 1, 2029 (the “Third Amendment Term Loan Maturity Date”), and defers the first principal repayment due date relative to the Third Amendment Term Loan to October 1, 2027; provided that upon the achievement of the Performance Milestone (as defined in the Third Amendment), the first principal payment shall become due on October 1, 2028. Interest on the Third Amendment Term Loan will be payable monthly at a floating rate per annum equal to the greater of 4.25% and the Prime Rate minus 0.5%. The Company may elect to prepay the Third Amendment Term Loan in whole prior to the Third Amendment Term Loan Term Loan Maturity Date, subject to a prepayment fee equal to 1.5% of the original principal amount of the Third Amendment Term Loan if it is prepaid within 18 months following the closing of the Third Amendment. The Third Amendment further revised certain provisions related to financial covenants and the periods in which the covenants apply, and First-Citizens and the Company also terminated the Revolving Line and an uncommitted accordion term loan provision. Accordingly, the Company's outstanding amount under the Second Amended Loan Agreement was classified as non-current as of September 30, 2024.
8. Stock-Based Incentive Compensation Plans
Stock Options
The table below summarizes the stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

|  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted-Average Contractual Remaining Life (Years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 |  | 1,188,708 |  |  | $ | 10.14 |  |  | 3.51 |  | $ | 13,197 |
Exercised |  | (141,860) |  |  | $ | 3.97 |  |  |  |  |
Canceled and forfeited |  | (3,892) |  |  | $ | 11.97 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding as of September 30, 2024 |  | 1,042,956 |  |  | $ | 10.97 |  |  | 3.08 |  | $ | 5,910 |
Options vested and exercisable, September 30, 2024 |  | 1,042,956 |  |  | $ | 10.97 |  |  | 3.08 |  | $ | 5,910 |
Options vested and expected to vest, September 30, 2024 |  | 1,042,956 |  |  | $ | 10.97 |  |  | 3.08 |  | $ | 5,910 |

As of September 30, 2024, there is no unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options.
18

SI-BONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
There were no stock options granted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)
RSUs are share awards that entitle the holder to receive freely tradable shares of the Company’s common stock upon vesting. RSUs generally vest over one to four years based upon continued services and are settled at vesting in shares of the Company's common stock. Certain RSUs vest based upon continued services and the achievement of financial milestones. The grant date fair value of the RSUs is equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. As of September 30, 2024, the unr ecognized compensation cost related to the RSUs was $33.0 million, which is expected to be recognized over a period of approximately 2.4 years.
The Company granted performance-based restricted stock unit awards subject to market and service vesting conditions to certain executive officers under SI-BONE's 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (“PSUs”). The shares subject to PSUs vest over a three-year performance period. The actual number of PSUs that will vest in each measurement period will be determined by the Compensation Committee based on the Company’s total shareholder return (“TSR”) relative to the TSR of the Median Peer Companies (as defined in the award agreement). The grant date fair value of each stock award with a market condition was determined using the Monte Carlo valuation model. The table below summarizes the assumptions used to estimate the grant date fair value of the PSUs granted:

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Expected volatility of common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 47.0% | to | 59.0% |  | 58.0% | to | 73.0%
Expected volatility of peer companies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29.0% | to | 97.0% |  | 33.0% | to | 141.0%
Correlation coefficient of peer companies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.01) | to | 1.00 |  | (0.15) | to | 1.00
Risk-free interest rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.1% | to | 4.7% |  | 3.9% | to | 5.0%
Dividend yield |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.6% | to | 4.7% |  | —% | to | 1.3%

As of September 30, 2024, the unrecognized compensation cost related to the PSUs was $4.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over a period of approximately 2.0 years.
The table below summarizes RSU and PSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

|  | RSUs |  | PSUs
|  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 |  | 1,899,790 |  | $19.93 |  | 385,122 |  | $14.74
Granted |  | 1,107,102 |  | 18.14 |  | 319,858 |  | 18.48
Vested |  | (746,176) |  | 21.06 |  | (94,439) |  | 16.27
Canceled and forfeited |  | (61,911) |  | 19.68 |  | — |  | —
Outstanding as of September 30, 2024 |  | 2,198,805 |  | 18.65 |  | 610,541 |  | 16.47

Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company’s 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company's common stock through payroll deductions at the price equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the stock as of the first date or the ending date of each six month offering period. The offering period generally commences in May and November. On March 26, 2020, the Company's Compensation Committee approved the amendment of the terms of future offerings under the ESPP which, among other things, increased the maximum number of shares that may be purchased on any single purchase date, provided for automatic enrollment in a new offering.
19

SI-BONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
The fair value of the ESPP shares is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which is being amortized over the requisite service period. The Company issued 114,636 and 130,867 shares under the ESPP, representing $1.5 million in employee contributions for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, total accumulated ESPP related employee payroll deductions amounted to $0.6 million and $0.4 million, respectively, which were included within accrued compensation and related expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Stock-Based Compensation
The table below presents the detail of stock-based compensation expense amounts included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
|  | (in thousands)
Cost of goods sold |  | $ | 262 |  |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 753 |  |  | $ | 471 |
Sales and marketing |  | 2,546 |  |  | 2,655 |  |  | 8,476 |  |  | 8,267 |
Research and development |  | 813 |  |  | 699 |  |  | 2,456 |  |  | 2,198 |
General and administrative |  | 2,685 |  |  | 2,402 |  |  | 8,049 |  |  | 7,184 |
|  | $ | 6,306 |  |  | $ | 5,928 |  |  | $ | 19,734 |  |  | $ | 18,120 |

Warrants
The table below summarizes common stock warrants activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

Date |  | Outstanding Balance at December 31, 2023 |  | Price per Share |  | Warrants Issued |  | Warrant Exercised |  | Warrant Expired |  | Outstanding Balance at September 30, 2024
Issuance |  | Expiration |  |  |  |  |
3/1/2017 |  | 3/1/2027 |  | 1,388 |  |  | $ | 5.94 |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,388 |
11/26/2014 |  | 11/26/2024 |  | 6,680 |  |  | $ | 16.47 |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 6,680 |
10/20/2015 |  | 10/20/2025 |  | 41,650 |  |  | $ | 16.47 |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 41,650 |
11/9/2015 |  | 11/9/2025 |  | 25,709 |  |  | $ | 16.47 |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 25,709 |
12/22/2016 |  | 12/22/2026 |  | 9,712 |  |  | $ | 10.03 |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 9,712 |
|  |  |  | 85,139 |  |  |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 85,139 |

20

SI-BONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
9. Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock
The table below summarizes the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands, except share and per share data)
Net loss | $ | (6,575) |  |  | $ | (10,022) |  |  | $ | (26,418) |  |  | $ | (32,353) |
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share | 41,717,505 |  |  | 40,265,520 |  |  | 41,324,614 |  |  | 37,702,207 |
Net loss per share, basic and diluted | $ | (0.16) |  |  | $ | (0.25) |  |  | $ | (0.64) |  |  | $ | (0.86) |

Because the Company has reported a net loss in all periods presented, outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, ESPP purchase rights and common stock warrants are anti-dilutive and therefore diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share for the periods presented. The following anti-dilutive common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Stock options | 1,042,956 |  | 1,216,841 |  | 1,042,956 |  | 1,216,841 |
Restricted stock units | 2,809,346 |  | 2,501,207 |  | 2,809,346 |  | 2,501,207 |
ESPP purchase rights | 63,987 |  | 38,727 |  | 63,987 |  | 38,727 |
Common stock warrants | 85,139 |  | 85,139 |  | 85,139 |  | 85,139 |
| 4,001,428 |  |  | 3,841,914 |  |  | 4,001,428 |  |  | 3,841,914 |

21

SI-BONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
10. Related Party Transactions
On February 24, 2020, the Company entered into a joint development agreement (the “Development Agreement”) with SeaSpine Orthopedics Corporation (“SeaSpine”), which merged with Orthofix Medical, Inc. ("Orthofix"), to develop a next generation device for sacropelvic fixation. On April 27, 2021, the Company and SeaSpine entered into that certain Addendum No.1 to the Development Agreement to extend certain obligations as described under the Development Agreement to a consultant of the Company. Mr. Keith C. Valentine, formerly a member of the Company’s Board of Directors from August 2015 through June 2024, served as the President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of SeaSpine until its merger with Orthofix in January 2023, and subsequently as the President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of Orthofix until his resignation in October 2023. Subsequent to October 4, 2023, SeaSpine is no longer a related party of the Company.
Pursuant to the development plan, SeaSpine shall use reasonable efforts to assist in the development of the potential product offering, including licensing certain existing intellectual property to be incorporated into such product. Under the terms of the Development Agreement, the Company agreed to make monthly payments to SeaSpine to reimburse for full time resources employed by SeaSpine responsible to conduct the development activities. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company did not incur any reimbursement charges from Seaspine.
Certain intellectual property developed pursuant to the project plan will be owned by the Company, certain intellectual property developed pursuant to the project plan will be owned by SeaSpine, and other intellectual property developed pursuant to the project plan will be jointly owned by SeaSpine and the Company. The Company also agreed to provide SeaSpine a royalty-free, worldwide, perpetual, non-exclusive license of certain of the Company's intellectual property incorporated into the product to be developed. The Company also agreed to pay SeaSpine a product royalty, in an amount specified in the Development Agreement, for each resulting product sold for a period of 10 years beginning on the initial market launch. The term of the Development Agreement shall continue until the expiration of all royalty terms, unless earlier terminated by either party, as provided for by the Development Agreement. The Company recorded $0.1 million and $0.2 million royalty for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.
22

SI-BONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
11. Income Taxes
In determining quarterly provisions for income taxes, the Company uses the annual estimated effective tax rate applied to the actual year-to-date profit or loss, adjusted for discrete items arising in that quarter. The Company updates its estimate of its annual effective tax rate at the end of each quarterly period. The estimate takes into account annual forecasted income (loss) before income taxes, the geographic mix of income (loss) before income taxes and any significant permanent tax items. The Company did not have provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty surrounding realization of such assets.
The Company accounts for the uncertainty in income taxes by utilizing a comprehensive model for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure in financial statements of any uncertain tax positions that have been taken or are expected to be taken on an income tax return. There had been no changes in the estimated uncertain tax benefits recorded as of September 30, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023.
23

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and with the consolidated financial statements and management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2024. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis, or set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many important factors, including those set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2024, our actual results could differ materially from the results described in, or implied, by these forward-looking statements.
Overview
We are a medical device company dedicated to solving musculoskeletal disorders of the sacropelvic anatomy. Leveraging our knowledge of pelvic anatomy and biomechanics, we have pioneered proprietary minimally invasive surgical implant systems to address sacroiliac joint dysfunction as well as address unmet clinical needs in pelvic fixation and management of pelvic fractures. Our products include a series of patented titanium implants and the instruments used to implant them, as well as implantable bone products. Since launching our first generation iFuse in 2009, we have launched multiple titanium implant product lines, including iFuse-3D in 2017, iFuse-TORQ in 2021, iFuse Bedrock Granite in 2022, and iFuse INTRA and iFuse TORQ TNT in 2024. In the United States, iFuse, iFuse-3D, iFuse-TORQ and iFuse Bedrock Granite have clearances for applications in sacroiliac joint dysfunction, adult spinal deformity and pelvic trauma. iFuse TORQ TNT has clearances for applications in pelvic trauma and sacroiliac joint dysfunction.
We market our products primarily with a direct sales force as well as a number of third-party sales agents in the United States, and with a combination of a direct sales force, and sales agents and resellers in other countries. As of September 30, 2024, over 110,000 procedures have been performed using our products by over 4,100 physicians in the United States and 38 other countries since we introduced iFuse in 2009.
In May 2023, we received a total of $83.7 million of net proceeds from the offering of 3,775,000 shares of our common stock, and the exercise of the underwriter's option to purchase an additional 566,250 shares of our common stock, at a public offering price of $22.00 per share. Of these shares, 272,753 shares were offered by a selling stockholder and did not result in any proceeds to us.
Factors Affecting Results of Operations and Key Performance Indicators
We monitor certain key performance indicators that we believe provide us and our investors indications of conditions that may affect results of our operations. Our revenue growth rate and commercial progress is impacted by, among other things, our key performance indicators, including our ability to expand access to solutions, increase physician penetration, launch new products, address human capital needs and gain operational efficiencies.
Expand Access to Solutions
As we expand our portfolio, the experience, caliber, and strong clinician relationships of our sales force, including our network of third-party sales agents, will be crucial to drive adoption of our future products and procedures. Since our initial public offering in 2018, we have made significant investments in our commercial infrastructure to build a valuable sales team to expand the market, drive physician engagement and deliver revenue growth.
While we will continue to selectively expand our sales force, we are also focused on increasing our sales managers' capacity and driving sales force productivity by adding more clinical support specialists and implementing hybrid models, including selectively adding third-party sales agents for case coverage, and by placing instrument trays and implants at select sites of service. This expansion of our sales force is one aspect of increasing the overall number of procedures in a given period that we can support with products, which is what we call “surgical capacity.” Our surgical capacity is also limited by the volume of implant inventory and the number of instrument trays held ready for surgery, either at our headquarters facility, forward deployed with our sales force or placed at customer facilities. As we grow, and as adoption of our solutions continues to mature, our overall surgical capacity may become an important driver of the amount of revenue that we can generate.
24

As of September 30, 2024, our U.S. sales force consisted of 82 territory sales managers and 76 clinical support specialists directly employed by us and 227 third-party sales agents, compared to 83 territory sales managers and 68 clinical support specialists directly employed by us and 160 third-party sales agents as of September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2024, our international sales force consisted of 11 sales representatives directly employed by us and a total of 29 third-party sales agents and resellers, compared to 13 sales representatives directly employed by us and a total of 30 third-party sales agents and resellers as of September 30, 2023.
As of September 30, 2024, over 20 percent of our procedures for sacroiliac joint dysfunction were performed at ambulatory surgery centers, or ASCs. With the steady increase in the numbers of minimally invasive procedures, including sacroiliac joint fusion procedures, being performed at ASCs, we continue to actively engage with these facilities to educate their management groups on our clinical evidence, exclusive commercial payor coverage and focus on driving improved education and pathways between pain physicians and surgeons.
Physician Engagement
Engaging and educating physician and other healthcare professionals about the clinical merits and patient benefits of our solutions will be important to grow physician adoption. Our medical affairs team works closely with our sales team to increase physician engagement and activation. Physician activity includes both the number of physicians performing our procedures as well as the number of procedures performed per physician. In addition to training new physicians, we have several initiatives to re-engage inactive physicians.
We utilize a combination of hands-on cadaveric and dry-lab training, as well as the SI-BONE SImulator - a portable, radiation-free, haptics and computer-based simulator - for training purposes, and optimize our programs to improve adoption rate, time to first case and ultimately physician productivity.
We are currently targeting over 12,000 U.S. physicians, including over 8,000 orthopedic and neurological surgeons and approximately 4,500 interventional spine physicians, to perform our procedures. As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, in the United States more than 3,000 and 2,400 physicians, respectively, have been trained on our products and have treated at least one patient. Outside the United States, as of September 30, 2024 and 2023, more than 1,100 and 940 physicians, respectively, have been trained on our product and have treated at least one patient. Since launching our academic training program in August 2018, we have trained approximately 1,800 surgical residents and fellows in over 250 academic programs in the United States.
Expand Addressable Markets
Expanding our platform of sacropelvic solutions to address sacroiliac joint dysfunction, pelvic fixation and pelvic trauma has been a key tenet of our strategy, and we have made substantial progress on this mission. With iFuse-3D, iFuse-TORQ, iFuse Bedrock Granite and iFuse TORQ TNT, we believe that the value of our innovative, versatile, and complementary product portfolio provides physicians with a comprehensive set of alternatives, and positions us as the top choice for physicians for sacropelvic solutions. We also offer an allograft bone implant for physicians who believe that this kind of implant can be important to obtaining stabilization and /or fusion.
In June 2022, we completed enrollment in SILVIA, a two-year prospective international multi-center randomized controlled trial of two different methods for pelvic fixation in adult patients undergoing multi-segmental, or long-construct, spinal fusion. We anticipate the results for the primary endpoint in 2025. We are working with a select group of physicians on STACI, a prospective study on the use of iFuse-TORQ in patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction. The purpose of STACI is to provide post-market information on the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion procedures performed with iFuse-TORQ. We are no longer actively recruiting patients in our SAFFRON study and anticipate publishing follow-up results in 2025.
We continue to invest in research and development initiatives to bring new and differentiated solutions to the market that deliver on our vision of improving patient quality of life through differentiated solutions to target segments with a clear unmet clinical need. Robust clinical evidence is central to drive adoption and favorable reimbursement, and we remain focused on continuing to set the industry standard in delivering evidence-based care through best-in-class clinical trials that demonstrate the efficacy, safety, and economic benefit of our solutions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we spent $12.7 million on research and development, equating to 11% of our revenue. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we spent $10.9 million on research and development, equating to 11% of our revenue.
25

Enhance Employee Experience and Engagement
Our ability to recruit, develop and retain highly skilled talent is a significant determinant of our success. To attract, retain, and develop our talent, we seek to create a diverse and inclusive workplace with opportunities for our employees to thrive and advance in their careers. We support this with market-competitive compensation, comprehensive benefits, and health and wellness programs.
In addition to ensuring workforce diversity and equitable compensation for our employees, we maintain a strong focus on enhancing employee retention and job satisfaction. To achieve this, we have established a feedback mechanism to continually monitor and respond to employee sentiment. Using this feedback, we deploy strategies that enhance the skills of our people managers and improve internal communications with employees. Furthermore, we provide ongoing learning and leadership training opportunities to support professional growth.
In 2023, we conducted instructor-led trainings designed to build people leadership capabilities and train managers on delivering actionable feedback. We have also adopted a goal for each of our managers to have regular check-ins with employees to discuss their personal goals and career plans in furtherance of our commitment to career and professional development.
We maintain a commitment to employee retention by leveraging insights from exit interviews and engagement surveys to continuously enhance the workplace experience.
Gain operational efficiency
To support our growing portfolio of solutions, we continue to evolve our business processes to identify, measure and improve operational efficiency. The information developed will allow us to optimize processes, increase sales force productivity and improve asset utilization.
We are focused on increasing our territory sales managers and sales representatives capacity, efficiency and productivity. We may do this by adding more clinical support specialists and third-party sales agents as part of hybrid arrangements for case coverage, and by consigning instrument trays and implants at select sites of service. As of September 30, 2024, our trailing twelve month average revenue per territory sales manager was approximately $1.8 million.
We have made significant investments in instrument trays used to perform surgeries. Our goal is to deploy instrument trays to the market where the demand exists to increase our asset utilization rates over time and use capital more effectively by having our instrument trays used in more surgeries in any given time period. Given supply chain disruptions impacting the industry, we are working closely with our suppliers to reduce lead time for our implants to ensure we can support our expanding physician footprint and over time build the resilience in our supply chain to reduce our cash investment in inventory. Additionally, we are partnering with our suppliers around design for manufacturing, specifically for newer products, to reduce the overall cost of the implants as we scale, and reduce waste and rework. Lastly, we are integrating our demand planning and manufacturing systems, to ensure we leverage actual usage trends as we build surgical capacity to support our growth.
Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
Our revenue from sales of implants fluctuates based on volume of cases (procedures performed), discounts, mix of international and U.S. sales, different implant pricing and the number of implants used for a particular patient. Similar to other orthopedic companies, our case volume can vary from quarter to quarter due to a variety of factors including reimbursement, sales force changes, physician activities, product launches, and seasonality. In addition, our revenue is impacted by changes in average selling price as we respond to the competitive landscape and price differences at different medical facilities, such as hospitals, ASCs and office-based labs or OBLs. Further, revenue results can differ based upon the mix of business between U.S. and international sales mix of our products used, and the sales channel through which each procedure is supported. Our revenue from international sales is impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar (our reporting currency) and the local currency.
Our business is affected by seasonal variations. For instance, we have historically experienced lower sales in the summer months and higher sales in the last quarter of the fiscal year as patients have more time in the winter months to have the procedure completed or want to take advantage of their annual limits on deductibles, co-payments and other out-of-pocket payments specified in their insurance plans. However, taken as a whole, seasonality does not have a material impact on our financial results from year to year.
26

Cost of Goods Sold, Gross Profit, and Gross Margin
We utilize third-party manufacturers for production of our implants and instrument trays. Cost of goods sold consists primarily of costs of the components of implants and instruments, instrument tray depreciation, royalties, scrap and inventory obsolescence, as well as distribution-related expenses such as logistics and shipping costs. Our cost of goods sold has historically increased as case levels increase and from changes in our product mix.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses consist of sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expenses. Personnel costs are the most significant component of operating expenses and consist of salaries, sales commissions and other cash and stock-based compensation related expenses. We intend to make investments to execute our strategic plans and operational initiatives. We anticipate certain operating expenses will continue to increase to support our growth.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of salaries, stock-based compensation expense, and other compensation related costs, for personnel employed in sales, marketing, medical affairs, reimbursement and professional education departments. In addition, our sales and marketing expenses include commissions and bonuses, generally based on a percentage of sales, as well as certain commission guarantees paid to our senior sales management, territory sales managers, clinical support specialists and third-party sales agents.
Research and Development Expenses
Our research and development expenses primarily consist of engineering, product development, clinical and regulatory expenses (including clinical study expenses), consulting services, outside prototyping services, outside research activities, materials, depreciation, and other costs associated with development of our products. Research and development expenses also include related personnel compensation and stock-based compensation expense. We expense research and development costs as they are incurred.
Research and development expenses for engineering projects fluctuate with project timing. Based upon our broader set of product development initiatives and the stage of the underlying projects, we expect to continue to make investments in research and development. As such, we anticipate that research and development expenses will continue to increase in the future.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries, stock-based compensation expense, and other costs for finance, accounting, legal, insurance, compliance, and administrative matters.
Interest Income
Interest income is primarily related to our investments of excess cash in money market funds and marketable securities.
Interest Expense
Interest expense is primarily related to borrowings, amortization of debt issuance costs, and accretion of final fees on the First-Citizens Term Loan.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net consists primarily of net foreign exchange gains and losses on foreign transactions.
27

Results of Operations
We manage and operate as one reportable segment. The table below summarizes our results of operations for the periods presented (percentages are amounts as a percentage of revenue), which we derived from the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| Amount |  | % |  | Amount |  | % |  | Amount |  | % |  | Amount |  | %
| (in thousands, except for percentages)
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 40,340 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 34,014 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 118,176 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 100,027 |  |  | 100 | %
Cost of goods sold | 8,437 |  |  | 21 | % |  | 7,041 |  |  | 21 | % |  | 24,832 |  |  | 21 | % |  | 19,283 |  |  | 19 | %
Gross profit | 31,903 |  |  | 79 | % |  | 26,973 |  |  | 79 | % |  | 93,344 |  |  | 79 | % |  | 80,744 |  |  | 81 | %
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing | 27,448 |  |  | 68 | % |  | 26,512 |  |  | 78 | % |  | 85,805 |  |  | 73 | % |  | 81,317 |  |  | 81 | %
Research and development | 3,993 |  |  | 10 | % |  | 3,919 |  |  | 12 | % |  | 12,690 |  |  | 11 | % |  | 10,866 |  |  | 11 | %
General and administrative | 8,095 |  |  | 20 | % |  | 7,711 |  |  | 23 | % |  | 24,603 |  |  | 21 | % |  | 22,986 |  |  | 23 | %
Total operating expenses | 39,536 |  |  | 98 | % |  | 38,142 |  |  | 113 | % |  | 123,098 |  |  | 105 | % |  | 115,169 |  |  | 115 | %
Loss from operations | (7,633) |  |  | (19) | % |  | (11,169) |  |  | (34) | % |  | (29,754) |  |  | (26) | % |  | (34,425) |  |  | (34) | %
Interest and other income (expense), net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 1,936 |  |  | 5 | % |  | 2,174 |  |  | 6 | % |  | 6,064 |  |  | 5 | % |  | 4,689 |  |  | 5 | %
Interest expense | (884) |  |  | (2) | % |  | (884) |  |  | (3) | % |  | (2,647) |  |  | (2) | % |  | (2,573) |  |  | (3) | %
Other income (expense), net | 6 |  |  | — | % |  | (143) |  |  | — | % |  | (81) |  |  | — | % |  | (44) |  |  | — | %
Net loss | $ | (6,575) |  |  | (16) | % |  | $ | (10,022) |  |  | (31) | % |  | $ | (26,418) |  |  | (23) | % |  | $ | (32,353) |  |  | (32) | %

We derive the majority of our revenue from sales to customers in the U.S. Revenue by geography is based on billing address of the customer. The table below summarizes our revenue by geography:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| Amount |  | % |  | Amount |  | % |  | Amount |  | % |  | Amount |  | %
| (in thousands except for percentages)
United States | $ | 38,263 |  |  | 95 | % |  | $ | 32,300 |  |  | 95 | % |  | $ | 111,502 |  |  | 94 | % |  | $ | 93,967 |  |  | 94 | %
International | 2,077 |  |  | 5 | % |  | 1,714 |  |  | 5 | % |  | 6,674 |  |  | 6 | % |  | 6,060 |  |  | 6 | %
| $ | 40,340 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 34,014 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 118,176 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 100,027 |  |  | 100 | %

28

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023
Revenue, Cost of Goods Sold, Gross Profit, and Gross Margin:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (in thousands, except for percentages)
Revenue | $ | 40,340 |  |  | $ | 34,014 |  |  | $ | 6,326 |  |  | 19%
Cost of goods sold | 8,437 |  |  | 7,041 |  |  | 1,396 |  |  | 20%
Gross profit | $ | 31,903 |  |  | $ | 26,973 |  |  | $ | 4,930 |  |  | 18%
Gross margin | 79 | % |  | 79 | % |  |  |  |

Revenue. The increase in revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily driven by a $6.0 million increase in our U.S. revenue from increased case volumes due to our expanded product portfolio and $0.3 million increase in international revenue due to the increase in case volumes.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin. Gross profit increased $4.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023, mainly driven by higher revenue. The gross margin was 79% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 consistent with the gross margin of 79% for the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Operating Expenses:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (in thousands, except for percentages)
Sales and marketing | $ | 27,448 |  |  | $ | 26,512 |  |  | $ | 936 |  |  | 4 | %
Research and development | 3,993 |  |  | 3,919 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 2 | %
General and administrative | 8,095 |  |  | 7,711 |  |  | 384 |  |  | 5 | %
Total operating expenses | $ | 39,536 |  |  | $ | 38,142 |  |  | $ | 1,394 |  |  | 4 | %

Sales and Marketing Expenses. The increase in sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to a $0.5 million increase in commissions driven by higher revenues and $0.4 million increase in training to support the expansion of our sales and marketing activities.
Research and Development Expenses. The slight increase in research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due an increase in employee-related costs and stock-based compensation due to an increase in headcount within research and development departments.
General and Administrative Expenses. The increase in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to a $0.4 million increase in employee-related costs and stock-based compensation due to an increase in headcount within general and administrative departments.
29

Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (in thousands, except for percentages)
Interest income | $ | 1,936 |  |  | $ | 2,174 |  |  | $ | (238) |  |  | (11) | %
Interest expense | (884) |  |  | (884) |  |  | — |  |  | 0 | %
Other income (expense), net | 6 |  |  | (143) |  |  | 149 |  |  | 104 | %
Total interest and other expense, net | $ | 1,058 |  |  | $ | 1,147 |  |  | $ | (89) |  |  | 8 | %

Interest Income. The decrease in interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to lower investment balances.
Interest Expense. The interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 remained consistent as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023, due to relatively stable interest rates associated with the First-Citizens Term Loan year over year.
Other Income (Expense), Net. The change in other income (expense), net for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to foreign currency fluctuations.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023
Revenue, Cost of Goods Sold, Gross Profit, and Gross Margin:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (in thousands, except for percentages)
Revenue | $ | 118,176 |  |  | $ | 100,027 |  |  | $ | 18,149 |  |  | 18 | %
Cost of goods sold | 24,832 |  |  | 19,283 |  |  | 5,549 |  |  | 29 | %
Gross profit | $ | 93,344 |  |  | $ | 80,744 |  |  | $ | 12,600 |  |  | 16 | %
Gross margin | 79 | % |  | 81 | % |  |  |  |

Revenue. The increase in revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily driven by a $17.5 million increase in our U.S. revenue due to the increase in case volumes due to our expanded product portfolio and $0.6 million increase in international revenue due to the increase in case volumes.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin. Gross profit increased $12.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023, mainly driven by higher revenue. The gross margin was 79% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to 81% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Gross margin decreased in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to changes in procedure and product mix.
Operating Expenses:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (in thousands, except for percentages)
Sales and marketing | $ | 85,805 |  |  | $ | 81,317 |  |  | $ | 4,488 |  |  | 6 | %
Research and development | 12,690 |  |  | 10,866 |  |  | 1,824 |  |  | 17 | %
General and administrative | 24,603 |  |  | 22,986 |  |  | 1,617 |  |  | 7 | %
Total operating expenses | $ | 123,098 |  |  | $ | 115,169 |  |  | $ | 7,929 |  |  | 7 | %

Sales and Marketing Expenses. The increase in sales and marketing expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to a $2.0 million increase in commissions driven by higher revenues, $1.7 million increase in training and travel costs to support the expansion of our sales and marketing activities, and a $0.8
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million increase in employee-related costs and stock-based compensation driven by an increase in headcount within sales and marketing departments.
Research and Development Expenses. The increase in research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to a $1.0 million increase in research, regulatory, and consulting fees to support our product development activities and a $0.8 million increase in employee-related costs and stock-based compensation due to an increase in headcount within research and development departments.
General and Administrative Expenses. The increase in general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to a $1.4 million increase in employee-related costs and stock-based compensation due to an increase in headcount within general and administrative departments, a $0.2 million increase in audit fees related to the audit of our financial statements and the audit of our internal control over financial reporting.
Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (in thousands, except for percentages)
Interest income | $ | 6,064 |  |  | $ | 4,689 |  |  | $ | 1,375 |  |  | 29 | %
Interest expense | (2,647) |  |  | (2,573) |  |  | (74) |  |  | (3) | %
Other income (expense), net | (81) |  |  | (44) |  |  | (37) |  |  | (84) | %
Total interest and other expense, net | $ | 3,336 |  |  | $ | 2,072 |  |  | $ | 1,264 |  |  | (61) | %

Interest Income. The increase in interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to higher interest earned on our investments in marketable securities, primarily as a result of higher interest rates earned.
Interest Expense. The increase in interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to higher interest rates associated with the First-Citizens Term Loan.
Other Income (Expense), Net. The change in other income (expense), net for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to foreign currency fluctuations.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of September 30, 2024, we had cash and marketable securities of $150.8 million as compared to $166.0 million as of December 31, 2023. We have financed our operations primarily through the sale of our common stock in our public offerings and debt financing arrangements. As of September 30, 2024, we had $36.2 million in outstanding debt as compared to $36.1 million as of December 31, 2023.
As of September 30, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $426.9 million as compared to $400.4 million as of December 31, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we incurred a net loss of $26.4 million. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we incurred a net loss of $43.3 million and $61.3 million, respectively, and expect to incur additional losses in the future. We have not achieved positive cash flow from operations to date.
In May 2023, we received a total of $83.7 million of net proceeds after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions from the public offering of our common stock.
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Based upon our current operating plan, we believe that our existing cash and marketable securities will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements over the next 12 months from the filing of this Form 10-Q. However, the economic impact of a potential future disruptions in the healthcare operating environment and uncertainties affecting the economic and capital markets environment and the financial services industry pose risks and uncertainties to our future available capital resources. Further, we may face challenges and uncertainties and, as a result, may need to raise additional capital as our available capital resources may be consumed more rapidly than currently expected due to, but not limited to the following: (a) decreases in sales of our products and the uncertainty of future revenues from new products; (b) changes we may make to the business that affect ongoing operating expenses; (c) changes we may make in our business strategy; (d) regulatory and reimbursement developments affecting our existing products; (e) changes we may make in our research and development spending plans; and (f) other items affecting our forecasted level of expenditures and use of cash resources. In addition, as we seek to deploy new product offerings, the need for additional capital to fund the purchase of inventories of implants and instrument trays may become more acute and may limit the number of revenue opportunities that we pursue. Each new product line introduced typically requires the purchase of consumable implant inventory as well as investment in a fleet of instrument trays required to support procedures nationwide.
Term Loan
Our outstanding debt is related to a term loan pursuant to the Loan and Security Agreement dated August 12, 2021 (the “Original Loan Agreement”), entered into by us and Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB” or “Lender”). Pursuant to the Original Loan Agreement, SVB provided a term loan in the aggregate principal amount of $35.0 million to us (the “Original Term Loan”).
On January 6, 2023, we entered into a First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “Amendment” and together with the Original Loan Agreement, the “Amended Loan Agreement”) with SVB, which increased our Original Term Loan facility of $35.0 million to $36.0 million. Upon entry into the Amendment, we borrowed $36.0 million pursuant to a new term loan (the “Term Loan”), which was substantially used to repay in full the Original Term Loan, and we also secured a revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $15.0 million (the “Revolving Line”) and an uncommitted accordion term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $15.0 million, which accordion may be approved by the Lender, solely in its discretion, upon our request. The Term Loan matures on December 1, 2027 (the “Term Loan Maturity Date”). Interest on the Term Loan will be payable monthly at a floating annual rate set at the greater of (i) the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal plus 0.5% or (ii) 6.75%. Commencing on July 1, 2025, we will be required to make monthly principal Term Loan amortization payments. A final fee payment of 2% of the original principal amount of the Term Loan is due upon the earlier of the Term Loan Maturity Date, termination of the Amended Loan Agreement, acceleration by the Lender following an event of default, or prepayment of the Term Loan. We may elect to prepay the Term Loan in whole prior to the Term Loan Maturity Date subject to a prepayment fee equal to 2% of the principal amount of the Term Loan prepaid at such time. No prepayment fee would be due if the Term Loan is refinanced by the Lender. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Loan Agreement, revolving loans may be borrowed, repaid and reborrowed until the maturity date, which will be July 6, 2025 (the “Revolving Line Maturity Date”). Borrowings under the Revolving Line are based on 80% of eligible domestic accounts receivable borrowing base. Interest on the outstanding balance of the Revolving Line will be payable monthly at a floating annual rate set at the greater of the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal or 6.25%. Interest on borrowings is due monthly and any principal balance is due on the Revolving Line Maturity Date, provided that when Revolving Line Advances are outstanding, in the event we do not maintain an adjusted quick ratio of at least 1.5 to 1.0, then falling below such threshold will allow the Lender to apply accounts receivable collections to outstanding Revolving Line borrowings. We will pay a total commitment fee of $187,500 on account of the Revolving Line payable in installments, but fully earned at close. We will also be required to pay a fee of $150,000 if we terminate the Amended Loan Agreement or the Revolving Line prior to Revolving Line Maturity Date, or if the Lender terminates the Loan Agreement or the Revolving Line following an event of default. No termination fee would be due if the Revolving Line is replaced with a new facility with the Lender.
On March 14, 2023 all of SVB’s assets and liabilities, including all of SVB’s rights as the lender pursuant to the Amended Loan Agreement, were assigned to Silicon Valley Bridge Bank. On March 27, 2023, all of Silicon Valley Bridge Bank’s assets and liabilities were assigned and assumed by First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company (“First-Citizens”). On January 25, 2024, the Company entered into a Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement with First-Citizens which amends the Company's Amended Loan Agreement (the “Second Amendment” and together with the Amended Loan Agreement, the “Second Amended Loan Agreement”). The Second Amendment revised certain provisions related to financial covenants and the periods in which the covenants apply. No amounts were outstanding under the Revolving Line as of September 30, 2024.
On March 10, 2023, we violated certain terms of the Amended Loan Agreement by opening bank accounts with another financial institution and transferring funds from SVB. We entered into a letter agreement with Silicon Valley Bridge Bank waiving enforcement of this covenant and providing us the right to hold a portion of our cash at other financial institutions. A future violation of any covenants could result in a default under the Second Amended Loan Agreement that would permit First-Citizens to restrict our ability to further access the Revolving Line of Credit for loans and require the immediate repayment of any outstanding loans under the agreement. As of September 30, 2024, we were in compliance with all debt covenants.
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The Second Amended Loan Agreement contains customary events of default, including bankruptcy, the failure to make payments when due, the occurrence of a material impairment on First-Citizens' security interest over the collateral, a material adverse change, the occurrence of a default under certain other indebtedness of our company and our subsidiaries, the rendering of certain types of judgments against us and our subsidiaries, the revocation of certain government approvals, violation of covenants, and incorrectness of representations and warranties in any material respect. In addition, the Second Amended Loan Agreement contains a financial covenant which requires us to maintain, at all times during which we are subject to financial covenants under the Second Amended Loan Agreement is in effect, certain net revenue levels as agreed upon by us and First-Citizens. If we do not comply with the various covenants under the Second Amended Loan Agreement and an event of default occurs under the Second Amended Loan Agreement, the interest rate on outstanding amounts can increase by 3% and First-Citizens may, subject to various customary cure rights, decline to provide additional advances under the Revolving Line, require the immediate payment of all loans and other amounts outstanding under the Second Amended Loan Agreement, and foreclose on all collateral.
On November 8, 2024, we entered into a Third Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement with First-Citizens (the “Third Amendment” and together with the Second Amended Loan Agreement, collectively, the “Third Amended Loan Agreement”), relative to a new term loan in the original aggregate principal amount of $36.0 million extended by First-Citizens to the Company (the “Third Amendment Term Loan”), which was substantially used to refinance and repay in full the then-outstanding $36.0 million existing Term Loan. The Company also paid a certain final payment due relative to such prior Term Loan. The Third Amendment sets the maturity date for the Third Amendment Term Loan to September 1, 2029 (the "Third Amendment Term Loan Maturity Date"), and defers the first principal repayment due date relative to the Third Amendment Term Loan to October 1, 2027; provided that upon the achievement of the Performance Milestone (as defined in the Third Amendment), the first principal payment shall become due on October 1, 2028. Interest on the Third Amendment Term Loan will be payable monthly at a floating rate per annum equal to the greater of 4.25% and the prime rate minus 0.5%. The Company may elect to prepay the Third Amendment Term Loan in whole prior to the Third Amendment Term Loan Maturity Date, subject to a prepayment fee equal to 1.5% of the original principal amount of the Third Amendment Term Loan if it is prepaid within 18 months following the closing of the Third Amendment. The Third Amendment further revised certain provisions related to financial covenants and the periods in which the covenants apply, and First-Citizens and the Company also terminated the Revolving Line and an uncommitted accordion term loan provision.
Our material cash requirements include various contractual and other obligations consisting of long-term debt obligations with First-Citizens, operating lease obligations and purchase obligations with some of our suppliers and have not changed materially since the Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2024. As of September 30, 2024, expected timing of those payments are as follows:

|  |  | Payments Due By Period
| Total |  | Less than 1 year |  | 1-3 years |  | 4-5 years |  | More than 5 years
| (in thousands)
Principal obligations and final fee on debt (1) | $ | 36,720 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,800 |  |  | $ | 13,920 |  |  | $ | — |
Interest obligations (2) | 6,075 |  |  | 782 |  |  | 4,727 |  |  | 566 |  |  | — |
Operating lease obligations | 2,497 |  |  | 388 |  |  | 2,100 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |
Purchase obligations | 528 |  |  | 528 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 45,820 |  |  | $ | 1,698 |  |  | $ | 29,627 |  |  | $ | 14,495 |  |  | $ | — |

(1)Represents the principal obligations and the final fee at maturities of our First-Citizens Term Loan.
(2)Represents the future interest obligations on our First-Citizens Term Loan estimated using an interest rate of 8.50% as of September 30, 2024.
This compares to $49.2 million of contractual obligations as of December 31, 2023.
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Cash Flows
The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash for each of the periods presented below:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  |
Net cash provided by (used in): | (in thousands)
Operating activities | $ | (13,603) |  |  | $ | (16,416) |  |  | $ | 2,813 |  |  |
Investing activities | 8,286 |  |  | (40,886) |  |  | 49,172 |  |  |
Financing activities | 2,036 |  |  | 90,091 |  |  | (88,055) |  |  |
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 235 |  |  | (14) |  |  | 249 |  |  |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (3,046) |  |  | $ | 32,775 |  |  | $ | (35,821) |  |  |

Cash Used in Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 of $13.6 million resulted from cash outflows due to a net loss of $26.4 million, adjusted for $21.0 million of non-cash items, and cash outflows from net changes in operating assets and liabilities of $8.2 million. Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 of $16.4 million resulted from cash outflows due to a net loss of $32.4 million, adjusted for $21.2 million of non-cash items, and cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities of $5.3 million. The decrease in net loss, net of non-cash items for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was mainly due to increased revenues. Net cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to higher accounts receivable due to timing of collections, higher inventory due to new product introductions, higher account payables and lower accrued liabilities attributable to the normal timing of expenses. Net cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to higher inventory due to the inventory build-up related to our implants, and lower account payables attributable to the normal course timing of expenses.
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $8.3 million as compared to cash used in investing activities of $40.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Net cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 consisted of maturities of our marketable securities net of purchases of $16.5 million, and purchases of property and equipment of $8.2 million primarily related to individual components in instrument sets to support revenue growth. Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 consisted of
purchases of our marketable securities net of maturities of $34.2 million, and purchases of property and equipment of $6.7 million primarily related to individual components in instrument sets to support revenue growth, as well as leasehold improvements made to the building used for research and development and warehouse space in Santa Clara.
Cash Provided by Financing Activities
Cash provided by financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $2.0 million resulting from the issuance of common stock under our stock-based incentive compensation plans. This compares to $90.1 million resulting from proceeds of $83.7 million from the issuance of common stock under our follow-on public offering, proceeds of $5.7 million from the issuance of common stock under our stock-based incentive compensation plans, and net proceeds of $0.7 million from the refinancing of our Term Loan with First-Citizens.
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Critical Accounting Policies, Significant Judgments, and Use of Estimates
This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported revenue generated, and expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Our critical accounting policies and estimates are described in “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies, Significant Judgments, and Use of Estimates” in our 2023 Annual Report. There had been no material changes to the descriptions of these accounting policies, judgments and estimates.
Seasonality
Our business is affected by seasonal variations. For instance, we have historically experienced lower sales in the summer months and higher sales in the last quarter of the fiscal year. However, taken as a whole, seasonality does not have a material impact on our financial results.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are exposed to market risks, including changes to foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
We have foreign currency risks related to our revenue and operating expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the Euro. Accordingly, changes in exchange rates, and in particular a strengthening of the U.S. dollar, have in the past, and may in the future, negatively affect our revenue and other operating results as expressed in U.S. dollars.
We have experienced and will continue to experience fluctuations in net loss as a result of transaction gains or losses related to remeasuring certain current asset and current liability balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entities in which they are recorded. At this time, we have not entered into, but in the future we may enter into, derivatives or other financial instruments in an attempt to hedge our foreign currency exchange risk. It is difficult to predict the effect hedging activities would have on our results of operations. Foreign currency gains or losses, net recognized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were not material. A hypothetical 100 basis point change in foreign exchange rates during any of the periods presented would not have had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to changes in interest rates relates to interest earned and market value on our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. Our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments consist of cash, money market funds, U.S. government securities. The market value of our marketable securities may decline if current market interest rates rise. Our investment policy and strategy are focused on preservation of capital and supporting our liquidity requirements. We do not make investments for trading or speculative purposes.
With the execution of the Third Amendment with First-Citizens relative to the Third Amendment Term Loan, interest will be payable monthly at a floating annual rate set at the greater of the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal minus 0.5% or 4.25%. Rising interest rates will increase the amount of interest paid on this debt. We believe that our exposure to interest rate risk is not significant due to the low risk profile of our investments and amount of our Term Loan, therefore a hypothetical 100 basis point in market interest rates during any of the periods presented would not have had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Internal control over financial reporting has inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.
As of September 30, 2024, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), have evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on that evaluation, our CEO and our CFO have concluded that, as of September 30, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting
During the quarter ended September 30, 2024, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are involved in various claims, complaints, investigations and legal actions that arise from time to time in the normal course of business, including commercial and employment matters. There are no matters pending that we currently believe are material. There can be no assurance that existing or future legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business or otherwise will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our 2023 Annual Report. The risk factors described in our 2023 Annual Report, as well as other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, and should be carefully considered. The risks and uncertainties that we face, however, are not limited to those described in the 2023 Annual Report. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business and the trading price of our securities.
We and our sales representatives must comply with U.S. federal and state fraud and abuse laws, including those relating to healthcare provider kickbacks and false claims for reimbursement, and other applicable federal and state healthcare laws, as well as equivalent foreign laws, and failure to comply could negatively affect our business.
Healthcare providers, third-party sales agents and resellers and third-party payors play a primary role in the distribution, recommendation, ordering, and purchasing of any implant or other medical device for which we have or obtain marketing clearance or approval. Through our arrangements with customers and third-party payors, we are exposed to the risk that our employees, independent contractors, principal investigators, consultants, vendors, or third-party sales agents and resellers may engage in fraudulent or other illegal activity. Misconduct by these parties could include, among other infractions or violations, intentional, reckless and/or negligent conduct or unauthorized activity that violates FDA regulations, manufacturing standards, federal and state healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations, laws that require the true, complete, and accurate coding of claims for reimbursement for medical procedures submitted to private and governmental payors and reporting of other financial information or data, other commercial or regulatory laws or requirements, and equivalent foreign rules. It is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct by our employees and other third parties, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to comply with such laws or regulations, and government authorities may conclude that our business practices do not comply with applicable fraud and abuse or other healthcare laws and regulations or guidance despite our good faith efforts to comply.
There are numerous U.S. federal and state laws pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, including anti-kickback and false claims laws. Our relationships and our third-party sales agents and resellers’ relationships with physicians, other healthcare professionals, and hospitals are subject to scrutiny under these laws. For example, we are subject to the federal health-care Anti-Kickback Statute, the federal civil False Claims Act, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (“HIPAA”) and the federal Physician Payment Sunshine Act, each of which is described in detail in "Item 1. Business - Healthcare Fraud and Abuse” and “-Data Privacy and Security Laws”.
Certain states and countries also have enacted analogous state and foreign law equivalents of each of the above federal laws and may also mandate implementation of corporate compliance programs, require compliance with the industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines, impose restrictions on device manufacturer marketing practices, and/or require tracking and reporting of gifts, compensation, and other remuneration to healthcare professionals and entities. Many of these state and foreign laws differ from each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.
If we or our employees are found to have violated any of the above laws we may be subject to significant administrative, civil and criminal penalties, including imprisonment, exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs, such as Medicare, Medicaid, and equivalent foreign programs, significant fines, monetary penalties and damages, imposition of compliance obligations and monitoring, the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, and damage to our reputation.
We have entered into consulting agreements and royalty agreements with physicians and healthcare executives, including some who are customers. We also engage in co-marketing arrangements with certain physicians who use our products. In addition, prior to our IPO, a small number of our current customer surgeons acquired from us less than 1.0% of our current outstanding common stock, which they either purchased in an arm’s length transaction on terms identical to those offered to others or received from us as fair market value consideration for consulting services performed. While all of these transactions were structured to comply with applicable laws, including the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, state anti-kickback laws and other applicable laws, it is possible that regulatory agencies may view these transactions as prohibited arrangements that must be restructured, or discontinued, or for which we could be subject to significant penalties and criminal, civil and administrative liability. We would be materially and adversely affected if regulatory agencies interpret our financial relationships with physicians who order our products to be in violation of applicable laws and we were unable to comply with such laws, which could subject us to, among other things, monetary penalties for non-compliance, the cost of which could be substantial.
Various state and federal regulatory and enforcement agencies, and foreign equivalents, continue actively to investigate violations of health-care laws and regulations, and the U.S. Congress continues to strengthen the arsenal of enforcement tools. To
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enforce compliance with the federal laws, the U.S. Department of Justice has continued its scrutiny of interactions between healthcare companies and healthcare providers, which has led to a number of investigations, prosecutions, convictions and settlements in the healthcare industry. For example, in October 2024, we received a civil investigative demand (“CID”) from the U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Division, in connection with an investigation under the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and Civil False Claims Act (the “Investigation”). The CID requests information and documents primarily relating to meals and consulting service payments provided to health-care professionals. Dealing with this Investigation and other investigations may be time- and resource-consuming and can divert management’s attention from the business. In addition, most of these laws apply to not only the actions taken by us, but also actions taken by our distributors and other third party agents, and healthcare providers with whom we interact. We have limited control over the business practices of our distributors and agents, and we may face regulatory action against us as a result of their actions which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, results of operations, and financial condition. Additionally, if a healthcare company settles an investigation with the Department of Justice or other law enforcement agencies, it may need to agree to additional onerous compliance and reporting requirements as part of a consent decree, deferred or non-prosecution agreement, or corporate integrity agreement. Our current Investigation and any new investigation or settlement could increase our costs or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business. Even if we are not determined to have violated these laws, government investigations into these issues typically require the expenditure of significant resources and generate negative publicity, which could harm our financial condition and divert resources and the attention of our management from operating our business.
The scope and enforcement of these laws is uncertain and subject to rapid change. The shifting compliance environment and the need to build and maintain robust and expandable systems and processes to comply with different compliance and/or reporting requirements in multiple jurisdictions increase the possibility that we may run afoul of one or more of the requirements or that federal or state regulatory authorities might challenge our current or future activities under these laws. Additionally, we cannot predict the impact of any changes in these laws, whether or not retroactive.
Our ability to access credit on favorable terms, if necessary, for the funding of our operations and capital projects may be limited due to changes in credit markets.
In the past, the credit markets and the financial services industry have experienced disruption characterized by the bankruptcy, failure, collapse or sale of various financial institutions, increased volatility in securities prices, diminished liquidity and credit availability and intervention from the U.S. and other governments. Continued concerns about the systemic impact of potential long-term or widespread downturn, energy costs, geopolitical issues, the availability and cost of credit, the global commercial and residential real estate markets and related mortgage markets and reduced consumer confidence have contributed to increased market volatility. The cost and availability of credit has been and may continue to be adversely affected by these conditions. We cannot be certain that funding for our capital needs will be available from our existing financial institutions and the credit markets if needed, and if available, to the extent required and on acceptable terms. On November 8, 2024, we entered into a Third Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “Third Amendment”) with Silicon Valley Bank, a division of First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company (“SVB”), which amends the Company’s Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of August 12, 2021 (the “Original Loan Agreement”), as amended by that certain First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of January 6, 2023 (the “First Amendment”) and that certain Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of January 25, 2024 (the “Second Amendment” and the Original Loan Agreement, as amended by the First Amendment, Second Amendment and Third Amendment, the “Third Amended Loan Agreement”). The Third Amendment Term Loan extended by First-Citizens to us pursuant to the current Third Amended Loan Agreement terminates and matures on September 1, 2029, and if we cannot renew or refinance this Third Amendment Term Loan, if needed at such time, or obtain funding when needed, in each case on acceptable terms, such conditions may have an adverse effect on our ability to operate our business. See “Note 7. Borrowings” to the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” included in this report for additional information.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
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Item 5. Other Information
Third Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement
On November 8, 2024, the Company entered into a Third Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “Third Amendment” and together with the Loan and Security Agreement dated as of August 12, 2021, as amended by that certain First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of January 6, 2023 and that certain Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated January 25, 2024, the “Third Amended Loan Agreement”) with First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company (“First-Citizens”), pursuant to which a new term loan in the original aggregate principal amount of $36.0 million was extended by First-Citizens to the Company (the “Third Amendment Term Loan”), which was substantially used to refinance and repay in full the then-outstanding $36.0 million existing term loan. The Company also paid a certain final payment due relative to such prior term loan. The Third Amendment sets the maturity date for the Third Amendment Term Loan to September 1, 2029 (the “Third Amendment Term Loan Maturity Date”), and defers the first principal repayment due date relative to the Third Amendment Term Loan to October 1, 2027; provided that upon the achievement of the Performance Milestone (as defined in the Third Amendment), the first principal payment shall become due on October 1, 2028. Interest on the Third Amendment Term Loan will be payable monthly at a floating rate per annum equal to the greater of 4.25% and the prime rate minus 0.5%. The Company may elect to prepay the Third Amendment Term Loan in whole prior to the Third Amendment Term Loan Maturity Date, subject to a prepayment fee equal to 1.5% of the original principal amount of the Third Amendment Term Loan if it is prepaid within 18 months following the closing of the Third Amendment. The Third Amendment further revised certain provisions related to financial covenants and the periods in which the covenants apply, and First-Citizens and the Company also terminated the revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $15.0 million and an uncommitted accordion term loan provision.
We are including this disclosure in this Form 10-Q rather than filing a Form 8-K under Items 1.01 and 2.03.
Trading Plans
During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024, no director or Section 16 officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (in each case, as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).
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Item 6. Exhibits

|  |  |  | Incorporation By Reference |  |
Exhibit Number |  | Description |  | Form |  | SEC File No. |  | Exhibit/ Reference |  | Filing Date
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. |  | 8-K |  | 001-38701 |  | 3.1 |  | 10/19/2018
3.2 |  | Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation |  | 8-K |  | 001-38701 |  | 3.1 |  | 6/26/2024
3.3 |  | Second Amended and Restated Bylaws. |  | 8-K |  | 001-38701 |  | 3.1 |  | 9/20/2023
4.1 |  | Form of Common Stock Certificate of the Company. |  | S-1/A |  | 333-227445 |  | 4.1 |  | 10/5/2018
4.2 |  | Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
10.1 |  | Second Amendment to L ease Agreement, dated July 17, 2024, between SI-BONE, Inc. and Bi xby SPE Finance 11, LLC |  | 8-K |  | 001-38701 |  | 10.1 |  | 7/19/2024
10.2*# |  | Third Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated November 8, 2024, between SI-BONE, Inc. and Silicon Valley Bank |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
31.1* |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
31.2* |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
32.1** |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.INS* |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.SCH* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.CAL* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.DEF* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.LAB* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.PRE* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

* Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith. Exhibit 32.1 is being furnished and shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall such exhibit be deemed to be incorporated by reference in any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as otherwise specifically stated in such filing.
# The Company has omitted portions of the referenced exhibit pursuant to Item 601(b) of Regulation S-K because it (a) is not material and (b) the type of information that the Registrant both customarily and actually treats as private or confidential.
40

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Santa Clara, California, on November 12, 2024.

|  | SI-BONE, Inc.
Date: | November 12, 2024 | By: | /s/ Laura A. Francis
|  |  | Laura A. Francis
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer
|  |  | (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Executive Officer)
|  | SI-BONE, Inc.
Date: | November 12, 2024 | By: | /s/ Anshul Maheshwari
|  |  | Anshul Maheshwari
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer
|  |  | (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)